Table 1.

Seizure/syndrome/drug choice

Seizure-aggravated drugs	Seizure-specific drugs
1. “Dialeptic” seizure in absence epilepsy → CBZ, OXC, PTH, VGB, GBP, PGB	1. Epileptic spasm → VGB, ACTH
2. “Myoclonic” seizure in generalized epilepsy syndromes → CBZ, PTH	2. “Dialeptic” seizure in absence epilepsy → ESM, VPA, LTG
3. Lennox–Gastaut Syndrome; “Tonic” seizures → BZD, PB “Atypical absence” → CBZ, GBP, PB	3. Myoclonic” seizure in generalized epilepsy syndromes → VPA, LEV, BZD, ZNS
	4. Lennox–Gastaut syndrome “Atonic” seizures → vagal nerve stimulation, RFN

CBZ: carbamazepine; OXC: oxcarbazepine; PTH: phenytoin; VGB: vigabatrin; GBP: gabapentin; PGB: pregabalin; BZD: benzodiazepine; PB: phenobarbital; ESM: ethosuximide; ZNS: zonisamide; LEV: levetiracetam; RFN: rufinamide