Table 4.

Hospital-level variables used in the hierarchical regression model to determine which structural factors affect outcomes

		7-day mortality OR (95% CI)	30-day mortality OR (95% CI)	30-day readmission OR (95% CI)	Long length of stay OR (95% CI)
Transfer (ref no)	Transfer in	2.06 (1.53 to 2.77)*	1.93 (1.53 to 2.44)*	1.16 (1.01 to 1.34)	1.44 (1.27 to 1.64)*
Volume (ref <3000)	3000–4000	0.84 (0.75 to 0.95)*	0.89 (0.81 to 0.98)	1.04 (0.98 to 1.09)	1.05 (1.00 to 1.11)
	>4000	1.08 (0.97 to 1.17)	1.06 (0.98 to 1.16)	0.99 (0.94 to 1.05)	1.01 (0.96 to 1.05)
Consultant on-site 24 hours (ref not)	Onsite	1.01 (0.74 to 1.36)	1.00 (0.80 to 1.25)	1.28 (1.14 to 1.42)*	0.98 (0.89 to 1.08)
Consultant cleared of elective commitments (ref no)	Cleared	1.04 (0.91 to 1.20)	0.95 (0.85 to 1.06)	0.94 (0.88 to 1.01)	0.78 (0.74 to 0.83)*
Primary assessment (ref trainee)	Assessment by Consultant	1.01 (0.83 to 1.22)	1.19 (1.03 to 1.38)	1.04 (0.95 to 1.13)	1.24 (1.15 to 1.34)*
Handovers (ref no)	Handovers	0.94 (0.80 to 1.11)	1.01 (0.89 to 1.14)	0.98 (0.92 to 1.06)	1.07 (1.01 to 1.14)
Dedicated EGS operating theatre (ref no)	Dedicated EGS Operating Theatre	0.94 (0.83 to 1.06)	0.91 (0.82 to 1.00)	1.00 (0.94 to 1.06)	0.96 (0.91 to 1.02)
Surgical assessment unit present (ref no)	Surgical Assessment Unit Present	1.25 (1.12 to 1.39)*	1.32 (1.21 to 1.43)*	1.08 (1.03–1.14)*	1.07 (1.02 to 1.11)
ICU beds	ICU beds per 100 hospital beds	0.93 (0.91 to 0.95)*	0.95 (0.93 to 0.96)*	0.99 (0.98 to 1.00)	1.01 (1.01 to 1.02)*

The data presented for all EGS admissions in the study (cohort of 69 490 patients).

*p<0.01.