Table 1.

Normalisation process theory constructs interpreted for the DQIP trial

Coherence How do participants understand and attribute value to DQIP?	Cognitive participation Enrolment and engagement of individuals and groups	Collective action Organising and doing the work	Reflective monitoring Reflecting on progress and making necessary adjustments
Differentiation How does DQIP differ from other prescribing quality improvement work?	Initiation Agency—capacity of individuals to make decisions and weigh up options.	Interactional workability How is DQIP operationalised?	Systematisation How do practices make judgements about effectiveness?
Individual specification How does DQIP cohere with other work?	Enrolment Persuading others to take part	Skill set workability How is the work allocated? Roles and responsibilities	Communal appraisal Regular and organised formal monitoring and appraisal
Communal specification Does the team have a shared understanding of DQIP?	Legitimation Buying into the DQIP work: how or what do they value about DQIP?	Relational integration How is DQIP understood and mediated by the people around it?	Individual appraisal Unsystematic and informal appraisal of DQIP. What are the conclusions?
Internalisation What past experiences do they relate DQIP work to?	Activation What process have they decided on to do the work? What resources are required?	Contextual integration Incorporation of DQIP into practice context.	Reconfiguration Appraisal may lead to changes—what have they changed?

DQIP, Data-driven Quality Improvement in Primary Care.