Table 2.

Age and ever smoking proportions across BMI categories in individuals with incident type 2 diabetes and never (non)diabetes cohorts, Salford Integrated Database (1995–2012)

	BMI (kg/m2)
	18.5–22.49	22.5–24.9	25.0–29.9	30.0–34.9	35.0–39.9	40.0–59.9	p Value
Type 2 diabetes
Number	468	888	3513	3064	1520	1011
Mean age (SD), years	62.3 (12.9)	62.4 (12.0)	60.6 (11.3)	58.0 (11.2)	55.9 (10.9)	53.0 (10.3)	<0.001*
Ever smokers %	56.2	57.9	59.9	58.6	56.1	53.0	0.0062†
Mean systolic blood pressure (SD), mm Hg	135.9 (19.6)	139.1 (19.4)	139.7 (18.3)	141.4 (18.3)	140.9 (18.6)	141.4 (17.7)	<0.001*
Mean diastolic blood pressure (SD), mm Hg	78.6 (11.3)	79.7 (11.0)	81.4 (10.5)	83.1 (11.1)	83.8 (11.5)	84.8 (11.4)	<0.001*
Mean serum total cholesterol (SD), mmol/l	5.16 (1.33)	5.25 (1.59)	5.25 (1.49)	5.24 (1.36)	5.21 (1.36)	5.17 (1.21)	0.564*
Mean HbA1c (SD), mmol/mol	60.2 (32.2)	56.8 (28.3)	57.2 (26.3)	58.4 (26.0)	59.3 (25.8)	59.1 (25.1)	0.037*
Mean HbA1c (SD), %	7.7 (5.1)	7.3 (4.7)	7.4 (4.6)	7.5 (4.5)	7.6 (4.5)	7.6 (4.4)
Ever metformin use %	5.20	8.44	16.34	28.26	39.05	51.4	<0.001*
Ever insulin use %	3.09	4.28	6.84	11.22	14.26	18.93	<0.001*
CVD %	19.44	23.54	25.73	24.90	21.05	20.08	0.0264†
Cancer %	13.25	12.95	14.81	12.27	11.25	9.40	0.002†
Non-diabetes cohort
Number	4777	6139	12 432	5426	1635	611
Mean age (SD), years	59.7 (12.3)	59.2 (11.7)	58.7 (11.4)	58.0 (11.1)	56.1 (10.8)	54.5 (10.7)	<0.001*
Ever smokers %	62.8	57.1	57.5	56.4	54.1	57.8	0.38†
CVD %	11.49	12.84	13.60	14.56	14.50	11.13	<0.001†
Cancer %	14.53	13.72	12.89	11.96	9.66	7.69	<0.001†

*Test for trends using Cuzick's test.

†Cochrane-Armitage test for trends across ordered categorical data.

BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin.