Table 1.
Patient characteristics
| Variable | Heart failure | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (40) | No (40) | ||
| Age (years) | 72.1±13.0 | 72.1±12.7 | 0.993 |
| Women (%) | 20 (50) | 20 (50) | 1.0 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 32.5±11.3 | 27.7±5.2 | 0.019 |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 24 (60) | 16 (40) | 0.074 |
| Hypertension (%) | 38 (96) | 39 (98) | 0.556 |
| Coronary artery disease (%) | 15 (37.5) | 13 (32.5) | 0.639 |
| Ischemic stroke (%) | 3 (7.5) | 8 (20) | 0.105 |
| Peripheral vascular disease (%) | 5 (12.5) | 3 (7.5) | 0.456 |
| Heart rate | 77.9±18.6 | 76.1±13.8 | 0.619 |
| Systolic blood pressure | 161.4±33.4 | 194.1±29.4 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure | 82.8±18.8 | 98.6±19.9 | <0.001 |
| Pro-BNP | 10,436±21,199 | 651±632 | 0.105 |
| Creatinine | 1.79±1.01 | 1.02±0.47 | <0.001 |
| Troponin | 0.15±0.30 | 0.06±0.05 | 0.055 |
| LV ejection fraction (%) | 62.9±3.56 | 64.3±3.31 | 0.078 |
| Diastolic dysfunction* (%) | |||
| None | 2.5 | 0 | <0.001 |
| Grade 1 | 40 | 95 | <0.001 |
| Grade 2 | 45 | 2.5 | <0.001 |
| Beta-blocker use (%) | 30 (75) | 19 (47.5) | 0.012 |
| Statin use (%) | 25 (62.5) | 23 (57.5) | 0.648 |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor use (%) | 23 (57.5) | 30 (75) | 0.098 |
*There were insufficient echocardiographic data to make an accurate assessment for the stage of diastolic dysfunction in five patients in the HFpEF group as well as one patient in the control group. BMI: Body mass index, Pro-BNP: Pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, HFpEF: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, LV: Left ventricular