Figure 1. GSPE can effectively inhibit myocardial cell apoptosis in rats caused by MT.

GSPE attenuated trauma induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis determined by TUNEL staining (A,B) and caspase-3 activation (C). Cardiomyocytes’ total nuclei were determined by DAPI staining (blue), and apoptotic nuclei were identified by positive TUNEL staining (green) were counted using an image analysis program and the apoptotic index was automatically calculated (number of positively stained myocytes/total number of myocytes × 100%); Caspase-3 activity was detected by a fluorescent kit and normalized against the mean value of the trauma group. n = 5 rats in each group. ^##P < 0.01 vs CON group, **P < 0.01 vs T group.