Figure 4. OPLS-DA score plots (left panel) and corresponding coefficient loading plots (right panel) obtained from the ¹H NMR spectra of amniotic fluid samples from COS-treated and CON groups (R²X = 58.9%, Q² = 0.439).

The colour scale in the coefficient plot shows the significance of metabolite variation between the COS-treated and CON groups. OPLS-DA, orthogonal projection to latent structure with discriminant analysis. CON, a corn–soybean basal diet; COS, chitosan oligosaccharide (the basal diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg chitosan oligosaccharide).