Table 3.
Unadjusted Odds Ratios for Educational Expectations and Aspirations, and Unadjusted Regression Coefficients for Unweighted GPA
| Aspirations (N=503) |
Expectations (N=503) |
Unweighted GPA (N=484) |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | [95% CI] | OR | [95% CI] | B | (se) | ||||||
| Location | |||||||||||
| Urban Los Angeles (ref) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Urban North Carolina | 0.63 | (0.25– | 1.55) | 0.58 | (0.23– | 1.48) | −0.29 | (0.07) | *** | ||
| Rural North Carolina | 0.54 | (0.26– | 1.13) | * | 0.29 | (0.17– | 0.49) | *** | 0.00 | (0.10) | |
| Family Closeness and Belonging | |||||||||||
| Family Closeness | 1.11 | (0.87– | 1.41) | 1.12 | (0.85– | 1.47) | 0.03 | (0.02) | |||
| Family Belonging | 1.01 | (0.85– | 1.19) | 1.06 | (0.87– | 1.30) | 0.09 | (0.03) | *** | ||
| Family Obligations and Demands | |||||||||||
| Family Respect | 0.84 | (0.55– | 1.28) | 0.77 | (0.53– | 1.13) | −0.04 | (0.06) | |||
| Current Obligations | 1.06 | (0.85– | 1.34) | 0.80 | (0.69– | 0.93) | ** | 0.02 | (0.04) | ||
| Future Obligations | 0.78 | (0.66– | 0.93) | ** | 0.72 | (0.49– | 1.04) | * | −0.10 | (0.06) | ** |
| Daily Demands | 0.94 | (0.72– | 1.22) | 0.81 | (0.63– | 1.02) | * | −0.04 | (0.04) | ||
| Family-School Involvement | |||||||||||
| Parent Achievement Expectations | 1.51 | (1.08– | 2.11) | ** | 1.25 | (1.01– | 1.54) | ** | 0.10 | (0.04) | *** |
| Talk about Future Plans | 1.20 | (0.91– | 1.58) | 1.35 | (1.09– | 1.67) | ** | 0.06 | (0.04) | ||
| Parental School Encouragement | 1.47 | (1.32– | 1.65) | *** | 1.53 | (1.32– | 1.78) | *** | 0.09 | (0.04) | * |
| School/Social Acceptance or Discrimination | |||||||||||
| Positive School Climate | 1.12 | (1.01– | 1.25) | ** | 1.22 | (1.03– | 1.44) | ** | 0.12 | (0.03) | *** |
| School Belonging | 1.06 | (0.81– | 1.39) | 1.19 | (0.83– | 1.70) | 0.06 | (0.04) | |||
| Adult School Encouragement | 1.34 | (1.01– | 1.78) | ** | 1.41 | (1.20– | 1.67) | *** | 0.17 | (0.03) | *** |
| Peer School Encouragement | 1.47 | (1.25– | 1.72) | *** | 1.51 | (1.22– | 1.88) | *** | 0.11 | (0.03) | *** |
| Peer School Support | 1.58 | (1.13– | 2.19) | ** | 1.45 | (1.02– | 2.07) | ** | 0.10 | (0.03) | *** |
| Peer Educational Values | 1.84 | (1.52– | 2.22) | *** | 1.87 | (1.41– | 2.47) | *** | 0.14 | (0.02) | *** |
| Perceived Likelihood of Discrimination | 0.94 | (0.89– | 0.98) | ** | 0.92 | (0.88– | 0.97) | *** | −0.01 | (0.01) | |
| Freq. Adult or Peer Discrimination | 0.75 | (0.63– | 0.89) | *** | 0.72 | (0.59– | 0.88) | *** | −0.09 | (0.04) | ** |
| Any Discrimination | 0.70 | (0.42– | 1.17) | 0.64 | (0.36– | 1.13) | −0.15 | (0.08) | |||
| Control Variables | |||||||||||
| Female | 1.75 | (1.15– | 2.65) | ** | 1.15 | (0.89– | 1.48) | 0.12 | (0.11) | ||
| Age | 0.64 | (0.46– | 0.90) | ** | 0.60 | (0.38– | 0.94) | ** | −0.12 | (0.07) | |
| Mexican | 0.56 | (0.39– | 0.80) | *** | 0.56 | (0.43– | 0.75) | *** | 0.09 | (0.06) | |
| Generational Status | |||||||||||
| First Generation | 1.01 | (0.43– | 2.42) | 0.75 | (0.34– | 1.62) | −0.07 | (0.08) | |||
| Second Generation | 0.81 | (0.39– | 1.69) | 1.05 | (0.53– | 2.09) | −0.13 | (0.04) | *** | ||
| Third Generation (ref) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| English Survey | 0.41 | (0.12– | 1.36) | 0.27 | (0.06) | ||||||
| Ethnic Belonging | 0.81 | (0.59– | 1.11) | 0.78 | (0.57– | 1.07) | −0.05 | (0.03) | |||
| Lives with two parents | 1.05 | (0.73– | 1.52) | 1.06 | (0.58– | 1.94) | 0.11 | (0.06) | |||
| Parent graduated high school | 1.29 | (0.80– | 2.06) | 1.69 | (0.87– | 3.29) | −0.01 | (0.08) | |||
*
p<.10,
**
<.05,
***
p<.01
Note: Estimates adjusted for clustering and stratification.