Impact of STAT3 on CTLA-4-mediated Tc17 differentiation. CD8+ T cells from C57BL/6JRj mice primed under Tc17 conditions with anti-CD3 in the presence or absence of additional CTLA-4 crosslinking were untreated (DMSO) or treated with the STAT3 inhibitor (S31–201) 24 h after stimulation. The expression levels of the Tc17 signature molecules RORγt (A) IL-17, IFNγ (B) and IL-23R (C) were analyzed by flow cytometry at the indicated time points (left), and the d3 results are shown as the fold increase compared with the d2 control cells (right). The data are from a single experiment that is representative of three independent experiments. The error bars denote ± SEM. ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, n.s.: not significant, unpaired t-test.