Table 7.

Clinical parameters, laboratory findings, and management characteristics of 128 adults bitten by Viperidae or presenting the clinical syndrome of Viperidae (50 patients who developed acute kidney injury during hospitalization and 78 patients without acute kidney injury)

Characteristics	All	With acute kidney injury, n (%)	Without acute kidney injury, n (%)	p value
Overt DIC
Yes	72	36 (50.0)	36 (50.0)	0.007
No	56	14 (25.0)	42 (75.0)
Capillary leakage
Yes	14	12 (85.7)	2 (14.3)	<0.001
No	114	38 (33.3)	76 (66.7)
Creatine kinase (IU/L)
> 500	40	28 (70.0)	12 (30.0)	<0.001
≤ 500	86	20 (23.3)	66 (76.7)
Serum sodium (mmol/L)
< 135	45	29 (64.4)	16 (35.6)	<0.001
≥ 135	83	21 (25.3)	62 (74.7)
Total dose of antivenom (mL)
> 160	31	19 (61.3)	12 (38.7)	0.016
≤ 160	90	31 (34.4)	59 (65.6)

Abbreviation: DIC disseminated intravascular coagulation