Table 2.
Distribution of Study Covariates Overall and by Ideal Cardiovascular Health
| Overall (N = 5263) | Poor (N = 3006) | Intermediate (N = 2042) | Ideal (N = 215) | P- value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Individual-level Covariates | |||||
|
| |||||
| Age, mean (SD) | 62.0 (10.1) | 62.8 (9.8) | 61.2 (10.4) | 58.6 (10.0) | <0.001 |
| Gender, n (%) | 0.164 | ||||
| Male | 2491 (47.3) | 1442 (48.0) | 960 (47.0) | 89 (41.4) | |
| Female | 2772 (52.7) | 1564 (52.0) | 1082 (53.0) | 126 (58.6) | |
| Education, n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Completed high school/GED or less | 1807 (34.3) | 1244 (41.4) | 527 (25.8) | 36 (16.7) | |
| Some college/technical school/associate degree | 1563 (29.7) | 925 (30.8) | 592 (29.0) | 46 (21.4) | |
| Bachelor’s/graduate degree | 1893 (36.0) | 837 (27.8) | 923 (45.2) | 133 (61.9) | |
| Income, US $, n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| <24,999 | 1383 (26.3) | 943 (31.4) | 414 (20.3) | 26 (12.1) | |
| 25,000–49,999 | 1530 (29.1) | 903 (30.0) | 564 (27.6) | 63 (29.3) | |
| 50,000–74,999 | 1417 (27.0) | 727 (24.2) | 626 (30.7) | 64 (29.8) | |
| ≥75,000 | 739 (14.0) | 296 (9.9) | 383 (18.8) | 60 (27.9) | |
| Missing | 194 (3.7) | 137 (4.6) | 55 (2.7) | 2 (0.9) | |
| Study Site, n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| North Carolina (WFU) | 942 (17.9) | 556 (18.5) | 349 (17.1) | 37 (17.2) | |
| New York City, NY (Columbia) | 971 (18.5) | 530 (17.6) | 392 (19.2) | 49 (22.8) | |
| Baltimore, MD (Johns Hopkins) | 930 (17.7) | 558 (18.6) | 343 (16.8) | 29 (13.5) | |
| Minneapolis, MN (UMN) | 957 (18.2) | 549 (18.3) | 371 (18.2) | 37 (17.2) | |
| Chicago, IL (Northwestern) | 775 (14.7) | 358 (11.9) | 370 (18.1) | 47 (21.9) | |
| Los Angeles, CA (UCLA) | 688 (13.1) | 455 (15.1) | 217 (10.6) | 16 (7.4) | |
| Neighborhood-level Covariates | |||||
| Socioeconomic Environment, mean (SD) | |||||
| Factor 1 | −.1 (6.7) | 0.9 (6.2) | −.3 (7.0) | −3.4 (7.4) | <0.001 |
| Factor 2 | 1.9 (4.5) | 2.0 (4.6) | 1.8 (4.4) | 1.9 (4.4) | 0.155 |
| Factor 3 | −0.4 (1.0) | −0.3 (1.0) | −0.4 (1.0) | −0.5 (0.9) | <0.001 |
| Physical Environment, mean (SD) | |||||
| Health foods | −0.2 (1.7) | −0.4 (1.7) | −0.1 (1.9) | 0.2 (2.0) | <0.001 |
| Physical activity | −0.1 (1.7) | −0.3 (1.5) | 0.2 (1.9) | 0.7 (2.2) | <0.001 |
| Social Environment, mean (SD) | −0.1 (2.8) | −0.3 (2.8) | 0.0 (2.8) | 0.2 (2.9) | <0.001 |