Table 2. Physiological and reproductive traits among females euthanized at day 17 of gestation.
| HFHS | CON | F | DF | P | Terms in model in addition to diet | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 12 | 12 | ||||
| Fat mass (g) | 8.1 ± 0.6 | 5.6 ± 0.6 | 9.55 | 1, 22 | 0.0053 | |
| Lean mass (g) | 19.8 ± 0.2 | 19.9 ± 0.2 | 0.32 | 1, 22 | 0.58 | |
| Serum corticosterone (ng/mL) | 751 ± 36 | 937 ± 36 | 13.20 | 1, 22 | 0.0015 | |
| Serum leptin (ng/mL) | 174 ± 24 | 107 ± 23 | 4.17 | 1,21 | 0.0540 | |
| Serum IL-6 (pg/mL) | 6.8 ± 2.5 | 2.9 ± 2.7 | 1.16 | 1,71 | 0.32 | |
| Number of conceptuses | 7.5 ± 0.4 | 7.2 ± 0.4 | 0.29 | 1, 22 | 0.60 | |
| Fetal sex ratio (% males) |
47 ± 6 | 53 ± 6 | 0.56 | 1, 22 | 0.46 | |
| Fetal weight (mg)2 | 809 ± 37 | 852 ± 37 | 0.70 | 1, 21 | 0.41 | Fetal sex: F1,22 = 8.14, P = 0.0096; Number of conceptuses: F1,21 = 3.47, P = 0.085 |
| Placental weight (mg)2 | 111 ± 3 | 112 ± 3 | 0.00 | 1, 21 | 0.95 | Fetal sex: F1,22 = 26.39, P < 0.00016; Number of conceptuses: F1,21 = 3.29, P = 0.085 |
| Fetal: placental weight ratio2 | 7.5 ± 0.4 | 7.7 ± 0.4 | 0.15 | 1, 21 | 0.70 | Fetal sex: F1,22 = 5.90, P = 0.02; Number of conceptuses: F1,21 = 0.36, P = 0.55 |
| Fetal leptin (ng/mL)2 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 0.5 ± 0.3 | 0.96 | 1, 343 | 0.33 | Fetal sex: F1,34 = 0.02, P = 0.90 |
| Placental pAkt (arbitrary units)4 | 1.02 ± 0.03 | 1.01 ± 0.03 | 0.22 | 1,22 | 0.65 | Fetal sex: F1,12 = 7.67, P = 0.027 |
| Placental total Akt (arbitrary units)4 | 1.10 ± 0.05 | 0.94 ± 0.05 | 4.91 | 1, 22 | 0.04 | Fetal sex: F1,12 = 0.10, P = 0.76 |
| pAkt: total Akt ratio | 0.95 ± 0.04 | 1.11 ± 0.05 | 6.31 | 1, 22 | 0.02 | Fetal sex: F1,12 = 3.63, P = 0.08 |
| Slc38a2 mRNA | 1.4 ± 1.4 | 1.2 ± 1.4 | 0.18 | 1, 19 | 0.67 | Fetal sex: F1,6 = 3.54, P = 0.11 |
| Slc27a4 mRNA | 1.1 ± 1.9 | 0.6 ± 1.9 | 0.48 | 1, 20 | 0.50 | Fetal sex: F1,7 = 8.89, P = 0.027 |
| Slc2a1 mRNA | 0.6 ± 1.3 | 1.2 ± 1.4 | 2.51 | 1, 20 | 0.13 | Fetal sex: F1,7 = 0.31, P = 0.60 |
| Placental IL-6 protein (pg/ ±g total protein) | 0.28 ± 0.03 | 0.31 ± 0.03 | 0.59 | 1, 22 | 0.45 | Fetal sex: F1,15 = 0.16, P = 0.69 |
1 Plasma was pooled between dams and therefore the sample size was reduced.
2 The interaction between sex and diet was initially included in the model, but was not significant and so was removed.
3 Plasma was pooled between fetuses of different dams for measurement of fetal leptin, and this analysis did not use repeated measures analysis.
4 Corrected for actin.
5 The relationship between the number of conceptuses and fetal and placental weight was negative.
6 Male conceptuses were heavier and had heavier placentas.
7 Male conceptuses had lower values.