Table 1. Descriptive data of participants.
| Parameter | Value for cohort (na)b or statistic | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HCs | T2DM | p-valuec | ||
| Age group (yrs) [no.(%)] d | 1.00 | |||
| 26-35 | 2 (2.86) | 2 (2.86) | ||
| 36-45 | 6 (8.57) | 6 (8.57) | ||
| 46-55 | 11 (15.71) | 11 (15.71) | ||
| 56-65 | 17 (24.3) | 17 (24.3) | ||
| 66-75 | 23 (32.9) | 23 (32.9) | ||
| 76 and above | 11 (15.7) | 11 (15.7) | ||
| Marital status [no. (%)]d | 1.00 | |||
| Living with a spouse | 64 (91.4) | 64 (91.4) | ||
| Not living with a spouse | 6 (8.6) | 6 (8.6) | ||
| Menstrual status [no. (%)]d | 1.00 | |||
| Premenopausal | 11 (15.7) | 11 (15.7) | ||
| Postmenopausal | 54 (77.1) | 54 (77.1) | ||
| Hysterectomy | 5 (7.1) | 5 (7.1) | ||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.10 ± 4.49 | 23.87 ± 3.65 | 0.27 | |
| Co-occurrence of disease [no. (%)] | ||||
| Coronary Heart Disease | 8 (11.42) | 13 (18.57) | 0.34 | |
| Hypertension | 23 (32.86) | 35 (50.00) | 0.06 | |
| Hyperlipidemia | 7 (10.00) | 18 (25.71) | 0.03 | |
| Diabetes duration (yrs) | N/A | 9.77 (± 7.49) | ||
| FBG (mmol/L) | 5.22 (± 0.61) | 7.83 (± 2.35) | 0.00 | |
| FBG > 10 mmol/L [no. (%)] | N/A | 12 (17.1) | ||
| UGLU POS [no. (%)] e | 0(0.00) | 14 (20.00) | 0.00 | |
| Taking metformin | N/A | 70 (100.00) | ||
| UTIs [no. (%)] f | 7 (10.00) | 27 (38.57) | 0.00 | |
| Water intake g | 2484.24 ± 99.20 | 2526.04 ± 108.02 | 0.78 | |
| Asymptomatic bacteriuria with E. coli POS [no. (%)]e | 5 (7.14) | 6 (8.57) | 1.00 | |
a no. of subjects.
b Mean ± SD or no.(%).
c Pearson’s chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used with categorical variables. Independent t-test was used with continuous variables.
d Variables used for individual matching.
e POS indicates positive.
f UTIs indicates episodes of UTI in the last year.
g The amount of water intake included drinking water intake and dietary fluid intake, which was examined by the Chinese Food Frequency Questionnaire.