Table 2. Summary of lncRNAs involved in the breast cancer.

LncRNA	Genomic location	Archetype	Function	Cancer phenotype	Breast cancer-pathway examples	Molecular subtype specificity	Possible drug	Reference
HOTAIR	12q13.13	Scaffold, guide, signal	Oncogenic	Proliferation; metastasis; angiogenesis	HOTAIR ⊣miR-568 ⊣NAFT5→ metastasis	Inconsistent	Imatinib/lapatinib	33-40
					HOTAIR ⊣HOXD→ miR7⊣SETDB1/STAT3→ EMT
MALAT1	11q13.1	Decoy, scaffold	Oncogenic	Proliferation; invasion; migration	MALAT1→ HuR⊣CD133 → EMT (less invasive than TNBC)	Hormone positive	ASOs	47-52
BCAR4	16p13.13	Scaffold	Oncogenic	Proliferation; metastasis; drug resistance	BCAR4→ ERBB2/3 signal pathway→ resistance	Inconsistent	LNAs	53-56
					CCL21→ BCAR4→ non-canonical Hedgehog/GLI2→ migration
H19	11p15.5	Decoy, scaffold	Oncogenic	Proliferation; metastasis; angiogenesis; apoptosis	H19→ miR-675 ⊣? ⊣Slug ⊣E-cadherin→ EMT	Hormone positive	/	59-61, 70-71
					H19→ miR-675 ⊣c-CbI / CbI-b ⊣EGFR→ proliferation/migration
SRA	5q31.3	Scaffold	Oncogenic	Proliferation; apoptosis	Unliganded PR→ Repressive complex (containing SRA) ⊣PR induced gene	Hormone positive	/	74-75, 82-83
LINP1	10p14	Scaffold	Oncogenic	IR resistance	EGFR→ RAS–MEK–JNK pathway→ LINP1 → repair of DSBs→ IR resistance	TNBC	/	110
LINK-A	1q43	Scaffold	Oncogenic	Glycolysis reprogramming; tumorigenesis	EGF→ LINK-A→ HIF1α→ glycolysis	TNBC		112
GAS5	1q25.1	Decoy, scaffold	Tumor suppressive	Proliferation; apoptosis; metastasis; drug resistance	GAS5 ⊣GR-induced genes	Inconsistent	Dual PI3K/ mTOR inhibitor; HREM	85-87,90-91,93
					GAS5 ⊣miR-21 → PTEN/TDM1/PCDC4→ proliferation
XIST	Xq13.2	Guide, signal	Tumor suppressive	Proliferation	XIST→ PHLPP1 ⊣AKT phosphorylation→ cell viability	TNBC	/	95-109
NKILA	20q13	Scaffold	Tumor suppressive	Inflammation; apoptosis; metastasis	MiR-103/107 ⊣NKILA ⊣IkB phosphorylation→ NF-kB	/	/	114