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. 2016 Nov 25;8(3):5603–5618. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.13629

Figure 1. VEGF-C increases the migration and invasion abilities of skin cancer cells.

Figure 1

a. BCC and A2058 cells were incubated with 200 ng/ml of VEGF-C for the indicated time points, and phosphorylated VEGFR3 and VEGFR3 were detected by Western blot analysis. Tubulin was used as a loading control. b. The mRNA expression of VEGF-C was analyzed by real-time qRT-PCR. c and d. A transwell assay was performed to examine cell migration and invasion abilities. Cell motility and phosphorylation of VEGFR3 was inhibited by knockdown of VEGF-C and recovered by treatment with rhVEGF-C by transwell assay and Western blot analysis, respectively. e. Oncomine database analysis showed elevated VEGF-C expression in metastatic melanoma tissues. f. Expression of EMT-inducing transcription factors (Slug, ZEB1, Twist and Snail) was determined by Western blot analysis. g. The effects of Slug expression on skin cancer cell motility were determined by transwell assay. Western blot analysis was used to confirm the expression of the indicated proteins. The results are shown as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments, each performed in triplicate. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.001, ***P < 0.0001 (Student's t test).