Table 1.

Details of the models fitted in each stage of our analyses. Samples sizes are shown for males (M) and females (F) as models were fitted separately to data from each sex. All models included the mean and standard deviation of the monthly rainfall in an individual's first year of life as fixed effects

Models predicting how early‐life ecological conditions affect:	Measured as	Sample size						Model fitting
		Individuals		Packs		Breeding attempts		Random effects	Error structure	Link function
		M	F	M	F	M	F
Stage 1: effects during early life
Maternal rank	The age‐rank of an individual's mother in the pack at the time of their birth	104	84	10	9	63	48	Breeding attempt, pack	Poisson	Log
Paternal rank	The age‐rank of an individual's father in the pack at the time of their birth	86	63	10	9	53	43	Breeding attempt, pack	Poisson	Log
Social care received1	The proportion of group visits an individual was observed being escorted as a pup	49	41	5	5	27	21	Breeding attempt, pack	Binomial	Logit
Mass at 1 year	Individual's mass (g) at 1 year old (±30 days)	47	15	6	2	27	12	Breeding attempt, pack	Normal	Identity
Survival to 1 year	Binary denoting if an individual survived to 1 year old	357	300	14	13	132	117	Breeding attempt, pack	Binomial	Logit
Stage 2: lifetime fitness effects
Body conditiona , 2	Mass (g)	80	41	8	8			Individual, pack	Normal	Identity
Successful reproduction in lifetime	Binary denoting if an individual was assigned as parent to a pup during their lifetime	61	43	9	8			Pack	Binomial	Logit
Relative fertility of successful reproducers	Proportion of all genotyped pups born while an individual was resident in a pack that they were assigned as parent to	19	22	5	5			Pack	Binomial	Logit
Lifetime reproductive success	Total number of pups an individual was assigned in its lifetime	58	37	9	8			Pack	Negative binomial	Log
Lifespan3	Age (years) at which an individual died	60	43	9	8			Pack, observation‐level	Poisson log‐normal	Log

^aModels fitted to 174 and 90 records of male and female masses, respectively. Also included as fixed effects: ¹number of adults (potential escorts) in the group, ²an individual's age, ³whether an individual had successfully reproduced in their lifetime (0/1) and the interaction between this and the first‐year rainfall variables.