Table 2. Clinical trials of epigenetic drugs in kidney cancer.

Drug	Combined Therapy	Enzimatic Class	Approval Stage	Status	Indication	Results	Reference/Clinical trial identification
Vorinostat	Bevacizumab	HDAC inhibitor	Phase 1/2	completed	Unresectable or metastatic kidney cancer	48,6% of the patients had absence of disease progression at 6 months8,11% of the patients experienced serious adverse events	NCT00324870
Vorinostat	Isotretinoin	HDAC inhibitor	Phase 1/2	Completed	Advanced renal cell carcinoma	MTD of Vorinostat in combination with isotretinoin=0,5 mg/kg	NCT00324740
Vorinostat	-	HDAC inhibitor	Phase 2	Completed	Advanced renal cell carcinoma	An objective response was observed in 36% of the patients63% of the patients demonstrate progressive disease and one patient had serious adverse events	NCT00278395
Vorinostat	Pembrodizumab	HDAC inhibitor	Phase 1	Ongoing	Advanced renal or urothelial cell carcinoma	Final data collection date for primary outcome measure: May 2018	NCT02619253
Panobinostat	-	HDAC inhibitor	Phase 2	Completed	Refractory clear cell renal carcinoma	Median of progression free survival=1,7 months 30% of the patients experienced serious adverse events	Hainsworth et al. 2011 (NCT00550277)
Panobinostat	Everolimus	HDAC inhibitor	Phase ½	Terminated	Metastatic or unresectable renal cell cancer	The study has been terminated (patients off study, principal investigator left institute)	NCT01582009
Panobinostat	Sorafenib	HDAC inhibitor	Phase 1	Ongoing	Advanced renal cell carcinoma	Study completion date: November 2016	NCT01005797
Entinostat	Isotreitinoin	HDAC inhibitor	Phase 1	Completed	solid tumor including kidney cancer, urothelial carcinoma and prostate cancer	No objective responses were observed but stable disease was noticed in patients with kidney, prostate and pancreatic cancerRecommended doses for phase 2: 4 mg/m of entinostat once weekly and 1mg/kg of isotretinoin per day	Pili et al. 2012
Entinostat	IL-2	HDAC inhibitor	Phase 1/2	Ongoing	Metastatic kidney cancer	No date given for study completion	NCT01038778
Decitabine	Interferon alpha2B	DNMT inhibitor	Phase 2	Terminated	Advanced renal cell carcinoma	The study was terminated due to low accrual and unavailable treatment agent.	NCT00561912
Decitabine	IL-2	DNMT inhibitor	Phase 1	Completed	Melanoma or renal cell cancer	Three patients with renal cell cancer had stable disease	Gollob et al. 2006
GTI-2040	Capecitabine	Antisense oligonucleotide that targets R2 subunit of ribonucleotide reductase	Phase 2	Completed	Advanced/metatastic renal cell carcinoma	52% of the patients had stable disease with median duration of 4 monthsOne partial response was observed	Desai et al. 2004
MG98	-	Antisense oligonucleotide that targets DNMT1	Phase 2	Completed	Metastatic renal carcinoma	Six patients had stable disease but no objective responses were seen	Whinquist E. et al 2006
Oblimersen	Interferon alpha	Antisense oligonucleotide that targets bcl2	Phase 2	Completed	Metastatic renal cell cancer	No study results or publications provided	NCT00059813
MRX34		RNA mimic	Phase 1	Terminated	Renal cell carcinoma	This study was terminated due to serious adverse events	NCT01829971