Table 3.
Mean (M) reaction times and standard deviations (SD) for each trial type (single, non-switch, switch) as well as mixing and switching costs for younger adults separately for each training group at pretest, posttest, and follow-up.
| Training group |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group 1 single – bivalent | Group 2 with cue – univalent | Group 3 with cue – bivalent | Group 4 without cue – univalent | Group 5 without cue – bivalent | |
| Trial type | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) |
| Pretest | |||||
| Single | 511 (49) | 519 (47) | 521 (71) | 513 (78) | 525 (58) |
| Non-switch | 597 (100) | 599 (106) | 590 (115) | 602 (182) | 599 (99) |
| Switch | 676 (139) | 676 (150) | 677 (135) | 695 (231) | 696 (134) |
| Mixing costs | 125 (96) | 118 (98) | 113 (80) | 135 (137) | 122 (76) |
| Switching costs | 79 (53) | 77 (63) | 87 (53) | 93 (61) | 97 (57) |
| Posttest | |||||
| Single | 469 (45) | 472 (44) | 474 (66) | 481 (68) | 480 (48) |
| Non-switch | 523 (55) | 509 (68) | 501 (77) | 526 (124) | 514 (61) |
| Switch | 582 (87) | 561 (107) | 566 (101) | 598 (181) | 574 (98) |
| Mixing costs | 84 (50) | 64 (53) | 59 (50) | 81 (94) | 64 (49) |
| Switching costs | 59 (46) | 52 (44) | 65 (35) | 72 (64) | 60 (42) |
| Follow-up | |||||
| Single | 465 (29) | 474 (44) | 443 (33) | 466 (51) | 492 (40) |
| Non-switch | 516 (56) | 525 (77) | 486 (62) | 499 (77) | 528 (64) |
| Switch | 568 (96) | 569 (105) | 527 (72) | 555 (102) | 597 (114) |
| Mixing costs | 77 (63) | 73 (58) | 64 (46) | 61 (43) | 71 (57) |
| Switching costs | 53 (53) | 45 (34) | 41 (22) | 56 (38) | 69 (60) |