Table 3.

Wall growing crops suitable for terrace base and edges.

Crop Type	Common Name	Scientific Name	Uses/Purpose
Wall Base Crops	Black pepper	Piper nigrum L.	Dried fruits used as spice and seasoning.
	Bottle gourds	Lagenaria siceraria var. Hispida (Thunb.) H. Hara	Fruit used as vegetable.
	Broom grass	Thysanolaena maxima (Roxb.) Kuntze	Flowers are used as cleaning tool or broom; shoots are used as fuel and fodder during lean periods.
	Cardamom	Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton	Seeds used as highly aromatic spice.
	Chayote	Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swartz	Fruit, leaf tip, and tuber used as vegetables; prolific; one plant produces ~250 kg of fruit and 20–25 kg of root/tubers (SAKNepal, 2017).
	Pumpkin	Cucurbita pepo L.	Fruit and leaf tips consumed as vegetables; wider leaves cover ground surface.
	Rose	Rosa spp.	Mostly used as cut flowers; also used to make oil, water/syrup, and essence.
	Sponge Gourds	Luffa cyclindrica L.	Fresh fruits used as vegetable.
	Vetiver	Chrysopogon zizanioides L.	Drought and frost tolerant hedge crops; deep, strong and fibrous root system bind with the earth making the underground wall strong; the above ground cover slows or stops surface runoff.
	Yam	Dioscorea spp.	Starchy tuber vegetables; shoots cover vertical slopes; one plant produces 10–15 kg of tubers (SAKNepal, 2017).
Wall Edge Crops	Blackgram	Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper	Native bean of India, dried and split seeds used as a pulse; leaves and seed husks used as animal feed.
	Cowpea	Vigna ungiculata (L.) Walp.	Annual vine/bush type legume; fresh pods and seeds consumed as vegetables; plant biomass used as animal feed.
	Horsegram	Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc.	Annual legume, dried seeds used as a pulse or cattle feed; leaves and seed husks used as animal feed.
	Napier grass	Pennisetum purpureum (L.) Schumach.	Perennial tropical grass with low water and nutrient requirements; high biomass production; can be harvested 4–6 times per year.
	Pigeon pea	Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.	Drought resistant perennial legumes; young seeds are consumed fresh as a vegetable and dried seeds as a pulse; leaves and seed husks used as animal feed.
	Rice bean	Vigna umbellate (Thunb.) Ohwi and Ohasi	Warm season annual vine legume with edible beans used as vegetable; prolific.
	Soybean	Glycine max (L.) Merr.	Annual legume, fresh pods and seeds consumed as vegetable; seeds also processed for their oil and protein for the animal feed industry.