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. 2017 Mar 17;8:373. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00373

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Copyright © 2017 Klein, Caito, Chapnick, Kitchen, O’Hanlon, Chitwood and Miller.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Generalized Procrustes analysis (GPA) of 17 landmark points applied to leaves harvested from the MBG common garden principal components (PC) morphospace. (A) PCs 1 and 2 of Vitis riparia (purple, filled) and V. rupestris (green, open) leaves. Different shapes represent genotypes (see legend). The 95% confidence ellipses drawn around each genotype are designated by different dashed patterns for each genotype. (B) ‘Eigenleaves’ display differences among mean leaf morphologies in PCs 1–3 at ±3 SD and percent shape variance for each. (C) Black outline represents the average shape outline of each V. riparia and V. rupestris genotype, with all outlines super imposed beneath in purple and green, respectively.