TABLE 5.
Studies reporting prevalences of colistin resistance among K. pneumoniae clinical isolatesd
| Study type and period | Country | Setting | Test method | Total no. of isolates | Carbapenemase producers (no. [%]) | Polymyxin-resistant isolates (no. [%]) | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Studies reporting colistin resistance rates among overall clinical isolates | |||||||
| 2006–2009 | Worldwide | Worldwide surveillance | BMD | 9,774 | NA | (1.5) | 183 |
| 2007–2008 | Canada | National | BMD | 515 | NA | 15 (2.9) | 184 |
| 2013–2014 | United States | Multicenter | BMD | 1,205 | NA | (4) | 185 |
| 2006–2007 | South Korea | Multicenter (9 hospitals) | BMD | 221a | 15 (13.3) | 24 (10.9)b | 206 |
| 2004–2005 | Singapore | Single center | Agar dilution | 16 | NA | 1 (6) | 207 |
| Studies reporting colistin resistance rates among CR-KP isolates | |||||||
| 2008–2011 | Canada | Multicenter | Etest | 30 | 30 (100) | 2 (6.7) | 184, 186 |
| 2013–2014 | United States | Multicenter | BMD | 69 | 69 (100) | (18)c | 185 |
| 2003–2004 | United States | Multicenter | BMD or agar dilution | 96 | 96 (100) | (9) | 187 |
| 2010–2013 | Greece | Single center (only ICU) | Vitek2, Etest | 92 | 92 (100) | 20 (21.7) | 202 |
| 2010 | Greece | Single center | Vitek2, Etest | 120 | 120 (100) | 25 (20.8) | 203 |
| 2014 | Italy | Single center (only ICU) | Vitek2, Etest | 214 | 214 (100) | 47 (21.9) | 199 |
| 2013 | Italy | Single center (only ICU) | BMD | 25 | 24 (100) | 6 (24.0) | 200 |
| 2013–2014 | Italy | National | BMD | 178 | 178 (100) | 76 (43) | 201 |
| 2010–2011 | Italy | Multicenter (9 hospitals) | Vitek2, BMD | 97 | 97 (100) | 35 (36.1) | 68 |
| 2010–2012 | Spain | Hospital | Agar dilution | 79 | 79 (100) | 18 (22.8) | 204 |
| 2014 | France | National | BMD | 561 | 561 (100) | 35 (6.2) | 205 |
| 2012–2013 | Turkey | Single center | Vitek2, Etest | 37 | 36 (98) | (2.7) | 245 |
| 2006–2007 | Israel | Single center | ? | 88 | 88 (100) | (4.5) | 246 |
| 2009–2010 | China | Single center | Agar dilution | 68 | 68 (100) | 3 (4.4) | 208 |
| 2012 | Taiwan | National | Sensititre | 247 | 55 (22.3) | (12.1) | 209 |
a
Isolated from blood samples.
b
Number of colistin-resistant isolates according to EUCAST breakpoints.
c
Eighteen percent colistin resistance among 4 E. coli and 69 K. pneumoniae isolates harboring carbapenemases.
d
NA, not applicable.