Table 1.
Summary of tissue distribution, physiological relevance and lipid regulation of thermoTRP channels.
| Channel | Tissue distribution | Physiological relevance | Positive lipid regulation | Negative lipid regulation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TRPA1 (<18°C) | Peripheral sensory neurons, inner ear, ovary, spleen, testis43,44 | Noxious chemical and cold sensation; mechanical and inflammatory thermal hyperalgesia43,45 | PIP247 LPC73 | ||
| TRPM2 (∼37°C) | Fetal and adult brain, placenta, spleen, heart, bone marrow, liver, leukocytes, lung49 | Heat sensation, glucose-induced insulin secretion;50 neuronal apoptosis;80 phagocyte activation; oxidative stress.27 | PIP231 | LPA80 | |
| TRPM3 (∼40°C) | Somatosensory neurons, pancreas, kidney, brain, pituitary52 | Response to steroids (pregnenolone sulfate); noxious heat53 | PIP255 | Cholesterol92,93 | |
| TRPM4 (15–35°C) | Liver, kidney, spleen, skeletal muscle, colon, heart, brain, vascular endothelium, prostate, testis57 | Temperature sensation57 | PIP261 | ||
| TRPM5 (15–35°C) | Taste receptor cells, intestine, liver, lung57 | Detection of bitter, sweet, umami tastes; temperature sensation57 | PIP263 | ||
| TRPM8 (<25°C) | Peripheral sensory neurons, smooth muscle, prostate, liver64 | Noxious cold and chemical sensation64 | PIP265,67 LPC71-73 | Cholesterol92, 93 | |
| TRPV1 (∼42°C) | Spinal cord, brain, peripheral sensory neurons8 | Noxious chemical and heat sensation; inflammatory thermal hyperalgesia8 | PIP211-15,17 LPC74 LPA82 | PIP210,13-15Cholesterol95 POA83 RA84 OA88 | |
| TRPV2 (∼52°C) | Spleen, lung, spinal cord, brain, peripheral sensory neurons34 | Noxious heat sensation27 | PIP227,28 | LPC69-71 | |
| TRPV3 (31–39°C) | Peripheral sensory spinal cord neurons, skin, tongue, brain29 | Temperature and chemical sensation29 | PIP231 Cholesterol17 | ||
| TRPV4 (22–42°C) | Brain, liver, fat, kidney, heart, salivary gland, testis, trachea32 | Pressure sensing (DRG), central nervous system osmotic sensing, nociception, warm temperature sensing32 | PIP233,34 Cholesterol91 | PIP235 |
The temperatures at which each channel is activated are shown below each channel name. Some lipids are shown as positive and/or negative regulators of channel function due to contrasting experimental results from different research groups. Positive and negative regulation of ion channels include mechanisms where the lipids interact directly with the proteins, membrane trafficking, or signaling pathways affecting the activity of the channels.