Table 2.
knowledge regarding vitamin D stratified by case and control groups
| Variables | Cases (n = 130) | Controls (n = 195) | P-value* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | % | ||
| Have you ever heard/learnt about vitamin D? | |||||
| Yes | 53 | 40.8 | 136 | 69.7 | .001 |
| No | 77 | 59.2 | 59 | 30.3 | |
| Where have you heard or learnt about vitamin D? | |||||
| Newspaper/Magazine | 1 | 0.8 | 4 | 2.1 | .001 |
| TV | 2 | 1.5 | 8 | 4.1 | |
| Doctor | 28 | 21.5 | 42 | 21.5 | |
| Friends/Relatives | 16 | 12.3 | 45 | 23.1 | |
| School/university | 3 | 2.3 | 22 | 11.3 | |
| Internet | 3 | 2.3 | 7 | 3.6 | |
| Other health professionals (dietician) | 0 | 0 | 10 | 5.1 | |
| I don’t know | 77 | 59.2 | 57 | 29.2 | |
| Vitamin D helps which of the following health effects? | |||||
| Prevention of kidney disease | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | .003 |
| Healthy bones | 41 | 31.5 | 99 | 50.8 | |
| Prevention of cancer | 3 | 2.3 | 2 | 1 | |
| I don’t know | 86 | 66.2 | 92 | 47.2 | |
| Where do you think the body gets vitamin D from? | |||||
| Diet | 7 | 5.4 | 18 | 9.2 | .001 |
| Sun exposure | 38 | 29.2 | 98 | 50.8 | |
| Supplements | 3 | 2.3 | 5 | 2.6 | |
| I don’t know | 82 | 63.1 | 74 | 37.9 | |
| What type of food is a good source of vitamin D? | |||||
| Vegetables & fruits | 3 | 2.3 | 28 | 14.4 | .001 |
| Milk | 5 | 3.8 | 19 | 9.7 | |
| Fatty fish (salmon, sardines) | 14 | 10.8 | 49 | 25.1 | |
| Olive oil | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1.5 | |
| Eggs | 8 | 6.2 | 14 | 7.2 | |
| I don’t know | 100 | 76.9 | 82 | 42.1 | |
| Knowledge total scorea | 1.6 (± 2.2) | 2.5 (± 1.8) | .001 | ||
*P-value based on X2 -test
aNumbers refer to mean and standard deviation for each group, P-value based on Mann-Whitney U test