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. 2017 Mar 17;18:38. doi: 10.1186/s12875-017-0612-6

Table 2.

Cumulate incidence and hazard ratio, crude and adjusted, for hospitalization or death, with respect to socio demographic characteristics, clinical profile, and treatment received for heart failure

Cumulate Incidence Crude Hazard Ratio Adjusted Hazard Ratio
Rate (%) 95% Confidence interval HR 95% Confidence interval HR 95% Confidence interval
Goblal incidence 37.6 36.5-38.7
Ejection Fraction
 Ejection Fraction>50 17.0 13.3-20.7 1 1
 Ejection Fraction <=50 27.3 22.1-32.4 1.81 1.31-2.49 1.36 0.99-1.88
 Missing Ejection Fraction 39.1 38.0-40.2 2.33 1.84-2.95 1.84 1.45-2.33
Previous hospitalization for heart failure 51.3 49.5-53.1 2.18 2.03-2.34 1.81 1.68-1.95
Gender (Male) 39.8 38.2-41.4 1.15 1.07-1.23 1.24 1.14-1.34
Age (quintiles)
 (<=71 years; reference 29.0 26.8-31.1 1 1
 72 - 78 33.3 31.2-35.5 1.14 1.02-1.28 1.03 0.91-1.16
 79 - 82 38.1 35.6-40.5 1.43 1.27-1.61 1.21 1.07-1.37
 3 - 86 41.1 38.5-43.6 1.62 1.44-1.82 1.30 1.14-1.48
 >=87 48.8 46.2-51.3 2.17 1.94-2.43 1.60 1.40-1.83
Socio economic deprivation index
 1 (less disadvantaged) 33.5 31.1-35.8 1 1
 2 36.7 34.3-39.1 1.08 0.96-1.21 1.10 0.98-1.24
 3 37.3 34.9-39.6 1.06 0.95-1.19 1.01 0.90-1.13
 4 38.6 36.2-41.0 1.11 0.99-1.25 1.03 0.92-1.16
 5 (more disadvantaged) 42.8 40.4-45.3 1.28 1.14-1.43 1.13 1.01-1.27
 Patients requiring home care 57.0 55.0-59.1 2.13 1.98-2.29 1.58 1.46-1.71
Cardiovascular risk factors
 Hypertension 38.3 37.1-39.5 1.13 1.04-1.22 1.08 0.99-1.19
 Diabetes 41.6 39.7-43.5 1.25 1.16-1.34 1.17 1.08-1.26
 Hypercholesterolemia 34.5 32.6-36.4 0.90 0.83-0.97 0.94 0.86-1.02
 Obesity 37.7 35.5-40.0 0.99 0.91-1.08 1.00 0.92-1.10
 Smoking habit 39.2 35.5-43.0 0.98 0.87-1.11 1.04 0.91-1.19
Cardiovascular diseases
 Coronary heart disease 41.5 39.4-43.6 1.21 1.12-1.31 1.11 1.02-1.21
 Atrial fibrillation 42.4 40.6-44.2 1.31 1.22-1.41 1.05 0.96-1.15
 Stroke 44.7 41.2-48.1 1.41 1.26-1.57 1.15 1.03-1.29
 Peripheral artery disease 45.4 41.0-49.8 1.45 1.27-1.66 1.11 0.97-1.28
Other comorbidities
 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 45.1 42.3-47.8 1.39 1.28-1.52 1.25 1.14-1.37
 Chronic renal failure 44.8 42.3-47.4 1.47 1.35-1.60 1.18 1.08-1.29
Drug therapy
 ACE inhibitor or ARB* 37.3 36.1-38.5 0.91 0.84-0.99 0.85 0.78-0.93
 Beta-blocker 37.9 35.3-40.5 1.00 0.91-1.09 1.03 0.94-1.14
 Loop diuretics 42.5 41.3-43.8 2.27 2.05-2.51 1.64 1.48-1.82
 Statins 35.1 33.6-36.6 0.87 0.81-0.94 0.85 0.79-0.93

a ACE angiotensin converting enzyme, ARB Angiotensin Receptor Blocker