Table 2.
Associations between nighttime eating behavior and breast cancer in Hong Kong Chinese women
| Variables | Case participants (n = 922) |
Controls (n = 913) |
ORa
(95% CI) |
ORb
(95% CI) |
ORc
(95% CI) |
P valued |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nighttime eating after 10 p.m. | ||||||
| Nevere | 762 (82.6) | 774 (84.8) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | |
| Ever | 160 (17.4) | 139 (15.2) | 1.31 (1.02–1.68) | 1.51 (1.08–2.12) | 1.50 (1.06–2.12) | 0.02 |
| Meal type | ||||||
| Nevere | 762 (82.6) | 774 (84.8) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | |
| Staple food | 123 (13.3) | 86 (9.4) | 1.65 (1.22–2.22) | 2.16 (1.43–3.28) | 2.16 (1.42–3.29) | <0.001 |
| Snacks | 37 (4.0) | 53 (5.8) | 0.75 (0.48–1.15) | 0.75 (0.44–1.29) | 0.74 (0.43–1.27) | 0.27 |
| Food type | ||||||
| Nevere | 762 (82.6) | 774 (84.8) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | |
| Noodles | 70 (7.6) | 40 (4.4) | 1.93 (1.29–2.90) | 2.78 (1.58–4.87) | 2.79 (1.58–4.94) | <0.001 |
| Rice | 62 (6.7) | 37 (4.1) | 1.90 (1.24–2.91) | 2.53 (1.40–4.47) | 2.58 (1.42–4.69) | 0.002 |
| Baked goods | 30 (3.3) | 37 (4.1) | 0.88 (0.54–1.44) | 1.27 (0.71–2.28) | 1.19 (0.66–2.16) | 0.56 |
| Meat | 31 (3.4) | 23 (2.9) | 1.48 (0.85–2.57) | 1.89 (0.92–3.88) | 1.73 (0.84–3.59) | 0.14 |
| Vegetable | 24 (2.6) | 22 (2.4) | 1.09 (0.76–2.11) | 1.15 (0.67–2.67) | 1.14 (0.63–2.55) | 0.61 |
| Fruit | 15 (1.6) | 13 (1.4) | 1.22 (0.58–2.59) | 1.18 (0.51–2.74) | 1.20 (0.51–2.83) | 0.68 |
aAdjusted for age at interview. bAdjusted for age at interview, age at menarche, age at first birth, body mass index (BMI), history of cancer in a first-degree family member and shift work. cAdjusted for age at interview, age at menarche, age at first birth, BMI, history of cancer in a first-degree family member, shift work and other dietary factors (consumption of cereals, deep-fried foods, preserved meats and dairy products). d P values from model 3. eThose who did not have habitual nighttime eating behavior. P values in italics are statistically significant. ref reference