Table 4.
Associations between nighttime eating and breast cancer stratified by BMI
| Variables | BMI <25 | BMI ≥25 | Interaction by BMI status |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case participants (n = 533) |
Controls (n = 581) |
OR (95% CI)a | Case participants (n = 250) |
Controls (n = 202) |
OR (95% CI)a | ||
| Nighttime eating after 10 p.m. | |||||||
| Never | 434 | 502 | 1.00 (ref) | 205 | 158 | 1.00 (ref) | |
| Ever | 99 | 79 | 2.29 (1.48–3.52)* | 45 | 44 | 0.65 (0.36–1.18) | 0.01 |
| Meal type | |||||||
| Never | 434 | 502 | 1.00 (ref) | 205 | 158 | 1.00 (ref) | |
| Staple food | 81 | 51 | 3.30 (1.95–5.59)* | 34 | 25 | 0.85 (0.40–1.79) | 0.03 |
| Snacks | 23 | 30 | 1.26 (0.62–2.57) | 12 | 20 | 0.38 (0.16–0.93)* | 0.20 |
| Food type | |||||||
| Never | 434 | 502 | 1.00 (ref) | 205 | 158 | 1.00 (ref) | |
| Noodles | 44 | 26 | 4.07 (2.02–8.20)* | 20 | 10 | 1.01 (0.35–2.95) | 0.27 |
| Rice | 39 | 20 | 4.41 (2.05–9.49)* | 15 | 13 | 0.85 (0.30–2.36) | 0.09 |
| Baked goods | 21 | 23 | 1.81 (0.88–3.73) | 8 | 9 | 0.46 (0.15–1.38) | 0.21 |
| Meat | 20 | 12 | 3.14 (1.25–7.88)* | 9 | 9 | 0.51 (0.14–1.86) | 0.12 |
| Vegetable | 14 | 12 | 1.68 (0.64–4.38) | 10 | 7 | 0.88 (0.22–3.57) | 0.81 |
| Fruit | 10 | 7 | 2.98 (1.02–8.72)* | 1 | 6 | 0.13 (0.01–1.20) | 0.08 |
aAdjusted for age at interview, age at menarche, age at first birth, first-degree family cancer history, shift work and other dietary factors (consumption of cereals, deep-fried foods, preserved meats and dairy products)
*Statistically significant (P value <0.05). For “Interaction by BMI status”, P values in italics are statistically significant. BMI body mass index, ref reference