Skip to main content
. 2017 Mar 17;7:44671. doi: 10.1038/srep44671

Figure 9. A hypothesis for PA biosynthesis and natural de-astringency of C PCNA fruits.

Figure 9

DAHPS, 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase; DHD/SDH, 3-dehydroquinate dehydratase/shikimate 5-dehydrogenase; PAL, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase; C4H, cinnamate-4-hydroxylase; 4CL; 4-coumarate: coenzyme A ligase; CHS, chalcone synthase; CHI, chalcone isomerase; F3H, flavanone-3-hydroxylase; F3′H, flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase; F3′5′H, flavonoid 3′5′-hydroxylase; DFR, dihydroflavonol 4 reductase; ANS, anthocyanidin synthase; LAR, leucoanthocyanidin reductase; ANR, anthocyanidin reductase; 3GT, 3-glycosyltransferase; GST, glutathione S-transferase; MATE transporter, multi-drug and toxic compound extrusion transporter; LAC, laccase; ADH, alcohol dehydrogenase; PDC, pyruvate decarboxylase; ALDH2, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2; MBW, MYB-bHLH-WDR; bZIP, basic region-leucine zipper; ERF, ethylene responsive factor; NAC, NAM-ATAF1,2,-CUC2.