Figure 4. The combination of DADA and radiotherapy increased the oxygen consumption rate (OCR), resulting in increased intracellular levels of ROS in ESCC cell lines.

(A) ESCC cell lines were subjected to DADA, X-rays or the combination treatments and harvested for analysis of their ROS levels by flow cytometry. (B) Eca-109 and TE-13 cells were treated with DADA. The bioenergetic profiles of these cells were measured using sequential injection of oligomycin, FCCP, and a mixture of antimycin and rotenone.* indicated statistical significance versus control cells (p < 0.05).