IFS was used to detect changes in expression of HERV-K and Ras in Hs578T (A) MDA-MB-231 (B), and MCF-7 cells (C) after HERV-K knockdown. The effect of HERV-K knockdown on expression of proteins involved in EMT, including CK-19 and vimentin was determined in the three BC cell lines. Reduced protein expression was observed for all of these proteins. In addition, decreased Ras protein expression (D, left) was induced by downregulation of HERV-K expression (D, right) in cancer cells transduced with shRNAenv, as assessed by FACS (D). Immunoblot analysis showed reduced expression of p-RSK, p-ERK 1 or 2, and Ras in shRNAenv transduced MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and Hs578T cells only when there was also shRNAenv-induced reduced expression of HERV-K Env protein in these cell lines (E). ACTB antibody was used as control.