Table 7. Relationship between green tea intake and risk of paroxysmal AF;
| Groups | Controls (N = 400) | Paroxysmal AF (N = 240) | Crude OR | P | Adjusted OR | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tea (Y/N) | ||||||
| 0 | 158 | 159 | 1 | |||
| 1 | 242 | 81 | 0.333 (0.238-0.465) | <0.001 | 0.307 (0.216-0.436) | <0.001 |
| Frequency | ||||||
| None | 158 | 159 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Low | 37 | 11 | 0.295 (0.146-0.600) | 0.001 | 0.301 (0.145-0.625) | 0.001 |
| Moderate | 188 | 62 | 0.328 (0.228-0.471) | <0.001 | 0.299 (0.205-0.437) | <0.001 |
| High | 17 | 8 | 0.468 (0.196-1.115) | 0.086 | 0.410 (0.165-1.018) | 0.055 |
| P for the trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Concentration | ||||||
| None | 158 | 159 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Low | 193 | 37 | 0.191 (0.126-0.288) | <0.001 | 0.179 (0.116-0.275) | <0.001 |
| Moderate | 23 | 21 | 0.907 (0.483-1.706) | 0.763 | 0.851 (0.442-1.638) | 0.629 |
| High | 26 | 23 | 0.897 (0.481-1.606) | 0.675 | 0.743 (0.396-1.393) | 0.354 |
| P for the trend | 0.016 | 0.005 | ||||
| Duration | ||||||
| Never | 158 | 159 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Short | 61 | 8 | 0.130 (0.060-0.281) | <0.001 | 0.139 (0.063-0.305) | <0.001 |
| Moderate | 122 | 35 | 0.285 (0.184-0.441) | <0.001 | 0.271 (0.173-0.426) | <0.001 |
| Long | 59 | 38 | 0.640 (0.403-1.017) | 0.059 | 0.532 (0.326-0.867) | 0.011 |
| P for the trend | <0.001 | <0.001 |
AF, atrial fibrillation; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval;
1. In frequency, group was categorized as low (<1cup/day) moderate (1cup/day) and high (>1cup/day).
2. In concentration, group was categorized as low (tea leaves were <25% of the volume of the cup), moderate (tea leaves were 25–50% of the volume of the cup) and high (tea leaves were >50% of the volume of the cup).
3. In duration, group was categorized as short (1-15Y) moderate (16-30Y) and long (>30Y).
4. Adjustment for age, gender, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol use, physical activity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and CAD in the analysis.