Table 2. Genetically engineered mouse models and observed lesions^*.

Model name	Time\Lesion	Metaplasia	Hyperplasia	Dysplasia	Carcinoma	Invasion	Metastasis	Cancer type	References
Tff1-/-	12 months	ND	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	/	[78-81]
gp130757F/F	3 months	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	Intestinal	[21, 74, 82, 83]
Cdx2 transgenic	12 weeks	Y	Y	N	Y	N	N	Intestinal	[84-87]
INS-GAS	20 months	Y	ND	Y	Y	Y	N	Intestinal	[28, 30, 88-90]
ACT-GAS	20 months	ND	Y	ND	Y	N	N	N	[90, 91]
Gastrin-/-	12 months	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	[38, 92, 93]
Atp4a-/-	12 months	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	[94-96]
NHE2-/-	3 months	ND	Y	N	N	N	N	N	[97]
NHE4-/-	9 weeks	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	[98]
Kvlqt1-/-	3 months	ND	Y	N	N	N	N	N	[99]
H2R-/-	16 weeks	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	[100-102]
HDC-/-	12 months	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	[103]
IQGAP1-/-	15 months	ND	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	[104]
Tgf β1-/-	20 days	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	[105]
Smad4-/-	9 months	ND	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	/	[18, 106-108]
Runx3-/-	8 months	ND	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	[109, 110]
Apc +/-	20 weeks	ND	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	/	[111]
MTH1-/-	18 months	ND	Y	Y	Y	N	N	Intestinal	[112]
K19-C2mE transgenic	45 weeks	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	/	[63, 64, 113]
Tsp-/-	3 weeks	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	[114]
Tgf α transgenic	6 weeks	ND	Y	Y	N	N	N	/	[115-118]
AhR transgenic	3 months	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	Intestinal	[119, 120]
Klf4 -/-	35 weeks	ND	Y	Y	Y	N	N	/	[13, 14]
p27-/-	60 weeks	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	Intestinal	[121]
Car9-/-	4 weeks	ND	Y	N	N	N	N	N	[122, 123]
CEA SV40 transgenic	37 days	ND	ND	Y	Y	Y	N	Intestinal	[124,125]
H+/K+-ATPase β subunit SV40 transgenic	12 months	N	N	Y	Y	N	N	/	[126, 127]
H+/K+-ATPase β subunit-/-	20 months	ND	ND	Y	Y	Y	N	/	[128]
Shh-/-	18.5 day embryo	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	/	[129]
Occludin-/-	10 months	N	N	Y	N	N	N	/	[130]
ClC2-/- Cdh1-/-p53-/-	9 weeks 6 months	N Y	N Y	Y Y	N Y	N Y	N Y	/ Diffuse	[131] [17, 69]

^*Y, Yes; N, No; ND, Not detectable