Table 1.
Clinical details of the study participants (adapted from Thevathasan et al. 2011)
| Patient | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 55 | 55 | 68 | 70 | 71 | 71 | 69 |
| PD duration (years) | 14 | 25 | 9 | 20 | 20 | 12 | 20 |
| UPDRS III (OFF/ON medications) | 35/24 | 33/22 | 40/26 | 35/22 | 37/19 | 38/20 | 50/23 |
| IT27-30 (OFF/ON medications) | 7/6 | 6/5 | 11/8 | 6/5 | 10/5 | na | 8/6 |
| Preoperative/postoperative GFQ | 55/38 | 36/15 | 49/42 | 36/28 | na | 30/na | na |
| FOGQ | 22 | 15 | 24 | 13 | na | 11 | na |
| FallsQ | 4 | 3 | 2 | 3 | na | 3 | na |
| Levodopa dose equivalent (mg/day) | 1600 | 300 | 1650 | 900 | 1450 | 1200 | 1950 |
| Supportive for UK Brain Bank criteriaa | A,P | D,A,P | A,P | D,A,T,P | D,A,T,P | D,P | D,A,P |
| PPNR electrodes recorded | R only | L+R | L+R | L+R | R only | L+R | L+R |
| Clinically chronically used electrodes | R2 | L01 R12 | L12 R12 | L1 R1 | na | L23 R0 | L1 R1 |
| Rest trials per condition (OFF/ON medications) | 45/22 | 101/53 | 102/102 | 99/102 | –/105 | 51/– | 94/97 |
| Percentage of total recorded data rejected due to artefacts (%) | 7/7 | 6/3 | 5/3 | 3/3 | –/2 | 3/– | 9/6 |
GFQ, Gait and Falls Questionnaire (score/64); FOGQ, Freezing of Gait Questionnaire (score/24); Falls Q, Falls Questionnaire (score/4); NA, not assessed. For all motor scales, higher scores indicate worse function. Key to UK Brain bank criteria; D, dyskinesias; A, asymmetry persistent; T, tremor at rest; P, progressive disease course.
All patients had bradykinesia. All patients were operated in Oxford except patients 5 and 7, who were operated in London. All patients were male. All subjects had bilateral PPNR implants except subject 5, who had a unilateral right PPNR implant. We were only able to record from the right PPNR in subject 1 due to a damaged electrode extension wire. Rostro-caudal stimulation location and clinical outcome data for all but two of these subjects has been reported previously, with cases 1–5 corresponding to cases 1 and 3–6 in Thevathasan et al. (2011). Outcome was assessed by a drop in GFQ postoperatively. Outcome in patient 5 was assessed with UPDRS II items scoring freezing, falls and gait with the combined score being 5/16 preoperatively and 4/16 postoperatively (ON medication). UPDRS III = part III (motor) of the Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (score/108). IT27-30 = items 27–30 UPDRS III assessing gait, posture, and balance (score/16). The electrode contacts that were used clinically are also presented in the format of electrode side, followed by contact number(s), Contacts are numbered according to the convention “0” for the most caudal contact, followed by “1”, “2” and then “3” in rostrally ascending order. For example, “R01” refers to bipolar stimulation of the deepest and second deepest contact on the right, whilst “L3” refers to monopolar stimulation of the most rostral contact on the left. All participants perceived enough symptomatic benefit to continue stimulation except subject 4 where stimulation was discontinued. We also include the number of rest trials per condition and the percentage of data removed per session due to artefact.
aAdditional to disease duration and levodopa response as documented elsewhere in the table.