Table 1.
Demographics of the Participants (N = 112)
| Characteristic and category | Overall | Yoga (n = 63) | HEP (n = 49) | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age: Mean (SD) | 75.3 | (7.5) | 75.9 | (8.2) | 74.5 | (6.5) | .325 |
| Gender: Male | 27 | (24.1) | 19 | (30.2) | 8 | (16.5) | .900 |
| Ethnicity | n | % | n | % | n | % | .064 |
| Hispanic | 52 | 46.4 | 26 | 41.3 | 26 | 53.1 | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 45 | 40.2 | 31 | 49.2 | 14 | 28.6 | |
| African American | 7 | 6.3 | 2 | 3.2 | 5 | 10.2 | |
| Afro-Caribbean | 3 | 2.7 | 3 | 4.8 | 0 | 0.0 | |
| Asian | 2 | 1.8 | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 4.1 | |
| Other | 3 | 2.7 | 1 | 1.6 | 2 | 4.1 | |
| Marital Status | .070 | ||||||
| Single/never married | 10 | 8.9 | 3 | 4.8 | 7 | 14.3 | |
| Married | 26 | 23.3 | 11 | 17.5 | 15 | 30.6 | |
| Separated | 6 | 5.4 | 3 | 4.8 | 3 | 6.1 | |
| Divorced | 26 | 23.3 | 15 | 23.8 | 11 | 22.4 | |
| Widowed | 44 | 39.3 | 31 | 49.2 | 13 | 26.5 | |
| Living Arrangementa | .237 | ||||||
| Live alone | 72 | 64.3 | 42 | 66.7 | 30 | 61.2 | |
| Live with spouse | 21 | 18.8 | 8 | 12.7 | 13 | 26.5 | |
| Live with children | 12 | 10.7 | 9 | 14.3 | 3 | 6.1 | |
| Live with other family | 6 | 5.4 | 3 | 4.8 | 3 | 6.1 | |
| Live with significant other | 1 | 0.9 | 1 | 1.6 | 30 | 61.2 | |
| Last physician visit | .469 | ||||||
| < 1 week | 28 | 25.0 | 17 | 27.0 | 11 | 22.4 | |
| > 1 week, < 3 weeks | 25 | 22.3 | 10 | 15.9 | 15 | 30.6 | |
| > 3 weeks, < 1 month | 13 | 11.6 | 8 | 12.7 | 5 | 10.2 | |
| > 1 month | 44 | 39.3 | 27 | 42.9 | 17 | 34.7 | |
| Duration of pain medications | .278 | ||||||
| None | 32 | 28.6 | 20 | 31.7 | 12 | 24.5 | |
| < 30 days | 6 | 5.4 | 2 | 3.2 | 4 | 82.0 | |
| 31 to 60 days | 4 | 3.6 | 1 | 1.6 | 3 | 6.1 | |
| 61 to 90 days | 6 | 5.4 | 5 | 7.9 | 1 | 2.0 | |
| 91 to 120 days | 1 | 0.9 | 1 | 1.6 | 0 | 0.0 | |
| > 120 days | 54 | 48.2 | 28 | 44.4 | 26 | 53.1 | |
HEP = Health Education Program SD = Standard Deviation
a
Some participants reported more than one living arrangement