Table 1.
Participant Characteristics (mean (SD), unless otherwise stated)
| TOTAL (n = 113) | MEN (n = 63) | WOMEN (n = 50) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics/Anthropometrics | ||||
|
| ||||
| Age, y | 64.3 (8.6) | 64.1 (8.8) | 64.5 (8.5) | .815 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.9 (4.2) | 27.8 (4.1) | 25.8 (4.1) | .009* |
| Normal (n (%) BMI <25) | 43 (38.1) | 16 (25.4) | 27 (54.0) | |
| Overweight (n (%) BMI 25-30) | 48 (42.5) | 35 (54.0) | 14 (28.0) | |
| Obese (n (%) BMI >30) | 22 (19.5) | 13 (20.6) | 9 (18.0) | |
| Education level | .383 | |||
| Some High School | 3 (2.6) | 2 (3.2) | 1 (2.0) | |
| High School Graduate | 7 (6.2) | 6 (9.5) | 1 (2.0) | |
| Some College / Associate Degree | 26 (23.0) | 13 (20.6) | 13 (26.0) | |
| College Degree | 28 (24.8) | 13 (20.6) | 15 (30.0) | |
| Advanced Degree | 49 (43.1) | 29 (46.0) | 20 (40.0) | |
|
| ||||
| PD Disease Characteristics | ||||
|
| ||||
| Time Since Diagnosis, years | .8 (.9) | .7 (.8) | .8 (1.1) | .802 |
| MDS-UPDRS TD/PIGD Ratio | .020* | |||
| TD (n (%)) | 92 (81.4) | 51 (81.0) | 41 (82.0) | |
| PIGD (n (%)) | 14 (12.4) | 5 (7.9) | 9 (18.0) | |
| Indeterminate (n (%)) | 7 (6.2) | 7 (11.1) | 0 (0.0) | |
|
| ||||
| Motor Symptoms | ||||
|
| ||||
| H&Y Stage (n (%)) | .167 | |||
| H&Y I | 29 (25.6) | 13 (20.6) | 16 (32.0) | |
| H&Y II | 84 (74.3) | 50 (79.4) | 34 (68.0) | |
| MDS-UPDRS Motor Experiences (II) | 5.5 (3.9) | 5.9 (3.8) | 5.0 (4.1) | .190 |
| MDS-UPDRS Motor Score (III) | 21.1 (8.8) | 22.5 (8.9) | 19.2 (8.4) | .037* |
|
| ||||
| Non-Motor Symptoms | ||||
|
| ||||
| MDS-UPDRS Non-motor (I) | 5.3 (3.7) | 5.5 (4.0) | 4.9 (3.3) | .673 |
| MFIS Total** | 16.4 (13.5) | 16.5 (14.0) | 16.2 (12.8) | .830 |
| MFIS Psychosocial | 1.1 (1.5) | 1.3 (1.4) | 1.0 (1.5) | .134 |
| MFIS Physical** | 7.8 (6.5) | 7.4 (6.4) | 8.4 (6.7) | .444 |
| MFIS Cognitive** | 7.4 (6.9) | 7.9 (7.5) | 6.9 (6.1) | .770 |
| ESS | 5.4 (3.7) | 5.5 (3.4) | 5.2 (4.2) | .468 |
| PDSS-2 | 9.1 (6.2) | 9.3 (6.3) | 8.8 (6.1) | .775 |
| Fear/worry of Falling (PDQ-39, Item 9) | .150 | |||
| Never (n (%)) | 78 (69.0) | 47 (74.6) | 31 (62.0) | |
| Any (n (%)) | 35 (31.0) | 16 (25.4) | 19 (38.0) | |
|
| ||||
| Comorbidities | ||||
|
| ||||
| Total number (count) | 5.7 (3.8) | 5.6 (3.7) | 5.7 (3.9) | .990 |
| Osteoarthritis (n (%)) | 15 (13.3) | 6 (9.5) | 9 (18.0) | .187 |
| Cardiovascular Conditions (n (%)) | 52 (46.0) | 31 (49.2) | 21 (42.0) | .445 |
| Pulmonary Conditions (n (%)) | 6 (5.3) | 5 (7.9) | 1 (2.0) | 225 |
|
| ||||
| Cardiorespiratory Fitness | ||||
|
| ||||
| VO2peak, mL/min/kg | 23.5 (5.8) | 25.5 (6.3) | 20.9 (3.9) | <.001* |
Note: BMI: body mass index; H&Y, Hoehn & Yahr; MDS-UPDRS, Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale; TD/PIGD, Tremor Dominant/Postural Instability Gait Disorder; MFIS, Modified Fatigue Impact Scale; ESS, Epworth Sleepiness Scale; PDSS, Parkinson Disease Sleep Scale; PDQ-39, Parkinson Disease Questionnaire; VO2Peak, peak rate of oxygen consumption during graded treadmill test.
p<.05
The MFIS subscales were created by summing the items as indicated by the MFIS documentation. Four of the items (18, 19, 20, 21) were erroneously excluded from the tool prior to data collection. For the subscales that required a missing item (physical and cognitive), we took the average of the existing items as the imputed value for the missing item before summing the items to create the subscales. The total MFIS score was calculated by summing the subscales.