Table 3.

General Linear Models Testing Group Effect with Age, Gender, BMI, and Smoking Status as Covariates

	Full model		t-value and Cohen’s d from General Linear Model
			Group		Age		Gender		BMI		Smoking status
	F	R2	t	d	t	d	t	d	t	d	t	d
MCP-1/CCL2 (pg/ml)#	4.5	.09	−2.3*	−.31	3.2**	.42	−1.2	−.15	1.3	.17	−.11	−.00
MIP-1β/CCL4 (pg/ml)#	3.6	.07	−2.1*	−.28	1.6	.21	−.51	−.06	2.3*	.31	−.46	−.06
Eotaxin-1/CCL11 (pg/ml)#	9.4	.17	−2.7**	−.35	3.8**	.50	.54	.06	−3.3***	−.43	2.0*	.26
TARC/CCL17 (pg/ml)	3.1	.10	−1.5	−.25	1.9	.33	2.1*	.35	.47	.09	.64	.11
MDC/CCL22 (pg/ml)#	5.5	.10	−2.7**	−.35	.24	.00	−3.5***	−.45	1.2	.15	.56	.06

^#Chemokines that differed by group with small to medium effects in a multiple model; Age and BMI were centered (mean for the sample subtracted from each participant’s value), and group, gender and smoking status were coded as −.5 (women, HC, non-smokers) and +.5 (men, schizophrenia, smokers). MCP = monocyte chemoattractant protein, CCL = cysteine-cysteine ligand, MIP = macrophage inflammatory protein, TARC = thymus and activation-regulated chemokine, MDC = macrophage-derived chemokine, IL = interleukin; for Group, negative t-values indicate levels higher in schizophrenia patients, for Gender, negative t-values indicate levels higher in men, for Smoking status, negative t-values indicate levels higher in smokers.

^{***, **, and *}significant difference at ≤ 0.001, 0.01 and 0.05, respectively.