Table 1.

Compilation of the novel targeted therapy agents in HNSCC treatment

Drug	Mechanism	Target	Phase	Status	Sponsor	References
Cetuximab	mAb	EGFR		FDA approved	ImClone Systems, Inc.
Panitumumab		EGFR	II	Ongoing	Amgen	[38]
Nimotuzumab		EGFR	II	Ongoing	National Cancer Centre	[40]
Zalutumumab		EGFR	III	Completed	Genmab	[36]
MEDH7945A		EGFR, HER3	II	Completed	Genentech	[74]
Transtuzumab		HER2	II	Unknown	Bristol-Myers Squibb, Genentech	[75]
AV-203		HER3	I	Completed	AVEO Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	[76]
Cixutumumab		IGFR	II	Completed	ImClone LLC	[77]
Bevacizumab		VEGF	II	Ongoing	Woondong Jeong	[45]
Pembrolizumab		PD-1	II	Ongoing	Merck Sharp and Dohme Corp	[53]
Nivolumab		PD-1	III	Ongoing	Bristol-Myers Squibb	[59]
Durvalumab		PD-L1	II	Recruiting	AstraZeneca	[54]
Onartuzumab		c-Met	II	Completed	Genentech, Inc.	[78]
Rilotumumab		HGF	II	Completed	Amgen	[28]
Ficlatuzumab		HGF	I	Recruiting	Julie E. Bauman, MD, MPH	[30]
Siltuximab		IL-6	II	Completed	Southwest Oncology Group	[33]
Ipilimumab		CTLA-4	I	Recruiting	National Cancer Institute	[79]
Tremelimumab		CTLA-4	III	Recruiting	AstraZeneca	[58]
Urelumab		CD137	I	Ongoing	Bristol-Myers Squibb	[80]
Gefitinib	TKI	EGFR	II	Completed	AstraZeneca	[81]
Erlotinib		EGFR	III	Ongoing	Grupo de Investigación Clínica en Oncología Radioterapia	[64]
Dacomitinib		EGFR	I,II	Completed	University Health Network	[82]
Lapatinib		EGFR, HER2	III	Completed	GlaxoSmithKline	[83]
Afatinib		EGFR, HER2, HER4	III	Recruiting	Centre Leon Berard	[84]
Sunitinib		VEGFR, PDGFR, Flt3, c-kit	I	Terminated	National Cancer Institute	[85]
AZD-1480		JAK1, 2	I	Terminated	AstraZeneca	[86]
Ruxolitinib		JAK1, 2	0	Not yet recruiting	University of Pittsburgh	[87]
Tivantinib		c-Met	II	Ongoing	National Cancer Institute	[88]
Foretinib		VEGFR, c-Met	II	Completed	GlaxoSmithKline	[89]
Sorafenib		VEGFR, PDGFR, Raf	I, II	Completed	Duke University	[90]
Dasatinib		Src	I, II	Ongoing	Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center	[69]
GDC-0941		PI3K	I	Completed	Genentech, Inc.	[91]
PX-866		PI3 K	I, II	Completed	Oncothyreon Inc.	[92]
NVP-BKM120		PI3K	II	Ongoing	Novartis Pharmaceuticals	[93]
PVP BYL719		PI3K	II	Recruiting	Novartis Pharmaceuticals	[94]
Everolimus		mTOR	I	Not yet open	M.D. Anderson Cancer Center	[95]
IL-2	Immunomodulators		II	Completed	H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute	[96]
IL-12			I, II	Ongoing	National Cancer Institute	[97]
IFN-α2a			III	Completed	Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group	[98]
Bortezomib	Proteasome		II	Completed	Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center	[99]