Table 1.

Study characteristics of research articles included within the review

References	Year	Country	Aim(s)	Sample size (n)	Study design	Main finding(s)
Caudwell [25]	2012	UK	To explore two transgender male individuals’ experiences of sport in an educational and recreational environment	2	Qualitative (semi-structured interviews) and a narrative review	Four themes: school sport, their embodied subjectivities, transitioning and sport participation
Cohen and Semerjian [26]	2008	USA	To explore the experience of a transgender female participating in women’s national ice hockey tournaments	1	Qualitative (four open-ended interviews)	Five main themes: policed identity, internal conflict, taint of masculinity, affirmation and creating gender norms
Gooren and Bunck [23]	2004	Netherlands	To explore androgen deprivation and androgen administration in transgender people	36	Retrospective	Androgen deprivation in transgender female individuals increases the overlap in muscle mass with women but does not reverse it
Hargie et al. [24]	2015	UK	To explore transgender people’s experiences of sport in relation to social exclusion and minority stress theory	10	Qualitative (semi-structured interviews)	Four themes: intimidating nature of locker rooms, the impact of alienating sport experiences at school, fear of public space, and being denied the social, health and well-being aspects of sport
Muchicko et al. [30]	2014	USA	To explore the relationship between gender identity and physical activity	80	Cross-sectional survey	Transgender people reported less physical activity and reported lower social support and physical self-perception than the cisgender participants
Semerjian and Cohen [27]	2006	USA	To explore the experiences of transgender athletes, paying particular attention to whether gender identity or performance was related to participation	4	Qualitative (semi-structured interviews)	Athletes discussed a number of barriers and challenges in relation to their sport participation (i.e. incorrect pronoun use, discomfort in changing rooms)
Tagg [28]	2012	Australia and New Zealand	To understand the issues surrounding transgender athletes' sport participation, specifically in relation to men’s netball in New Zealand	2	Qualitative (semi-structured interview) and a narrative review	Transgender-inclusive policies have medicalised gender. Instead of being protective they have done little to make sport fair for transgender participators. Transgender people who are undergoing physical transition have no place to openly participate in netball in New Zealand
Travers and Deri [29]	2011	Canada	To examine the re-negotiation of sex-based boundaries within the context of transgender inclusion in North American lesbian softball leagues	12	Qualitative (semi-structured interviews)	Positive experiences were more often reported by transgender women than transgender men in relation to inclusion despite the re-negotiation of sex boundaries. Several participants perceived testosterone as an athletic advantage in transgender male individuals (when injected) and female individuals (endogenous)