Figure. 1.

Translocation pathways. a The smooth snake translocation pathway included the collection of individuals over the course of several seasons from five to eight different sites. Smooth snakes were then moved to sites with assumed connectivity (i.e. no geographical or ecological barriers) at which the species was deemed locally extinct but was present historically. b The adder translocation pathway began with the initial capture of free-living female adders for captive breeding purposes, followed by the capture of males for captive breeding. It was intended that juvenile adders either be returned to sites where they were present, reintroduced to sites where historical records of adders existed and where there was suitable habitat, or introduced to similar sites outside the study area but with suitable habitat. c The pool frog translocation pathway involved moving individuals from wild populations in Sweden to the UK taking into consideration the geographical barriers. d The sand lizard reintroduction pathway used captive-bred stock for reintroduction into historical sand lizard habitat. Blue arrows represent movement of individuals rather than movement of hazards. Hazards in blue boxes are placed on the segments of the translocation pathway where they would have an effect.