Table 4.
Scleroderma features in Canadian and American Indigenous populations
| First Nations, Canada (n = 71) vs Caucasian (n = 1038) [95] | American Indian Choctaw (n = 17) [96], vs Caucasian (n = 12 vs n = 47) [97] | |
|---|---|---|
| Diffuse skin involvement | 46.5 vs 35.6% | 64.7% 75.0 vs 66.0% |
| Finger contractures | NR | 67.0 vs 72.0% |
| Telangiectasias | NR | 92.0 vs 72.3% |
| Lung fibrosis | 29.6 vs 33.7% | 88.2% 92.0 vs 57.0%a |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 8.5 vs 11.0% | NR |
| Raynaud’s phenomenon | NR | 88.2% 92.0 vs 94.0% |
| Digital ulcers | 63.4 vs 52.1% | NR |
| Polyarthritis | 44.8 vs 30.5%a | 83.0 vs 74.0% |
| Myositis | 12.7 vs 10.4% | NR |
| Scleroderma renal crisis | 4.3 vs 3.9% | NR |
| Renal | NR | 0 vs 4% |
| Overlap with other disease | 24.3 vs 14.9%a | NR |
| Gastrointestinal symptoms (mean, SD) | 5.8 (3.2) | 4.1 (3.1) |
NR not reported
aStatistically significant difference