Table 1. Performance with different cathodes.

Cathode	Applied bias (V)
	1.2	1.4	1.6	1.8	2.0
LSTO+
Current density (A cm−2)	0.06	0.08	0.13	0.19	0.23
CO production (ml min−1 cm−2)	0.33	0.45	0.74	1.09	1.41
Faradaic efficiency (%)	78.7	80.4	81.4	82.0	87.7
LSTMO+
Current density (A cm−2)	0.08	0.20	0.32	0.45	0.51
CO production (ml min−1 cm−2)	0.50	1.26	2.05	2.95	3.36
Faradaic efficiency (%)	89.4	90.1	91.6	93.7	94.2
LSTCO+
Current density (A cm−2)	0.09	0.17	0.26	0.35	0.44
CO production (ml min−1 cm−2)	0.54	1.06	1.64	2.24	2.85
Faradaic efficiency (%)	85.8	89.2	90.2	91.5	92.6
LSTMA−
Current density (A cm−2)	0.10	0.22	0.36	0.51	0.66
CO production (ml min−1 cm−2)	0.63	1.39	2.34	3.41	4.43
Faradaic efficiency (%)	90.1	90.4	93.0	95.6	96.0
LSTCA−
Current density (A cm−2)	0.09	0.20	0.32	0.45	0.55
CO production (ml min−1 cm−2)	0.56	1.26	2.06	2.98	3.67
Faradaic efficiency (%)	89.0	90.1	92.1	94.7	95.4
LSTMNA−
Current density (A cm−2)	0.16	0.36	0.54	0.69	0.87
CO production (ml min−1 cm−2)	1.06	2.42	3.67	4.76	6.08
Faradaic efficiency (%)	94.7	96.1	97.2	98.6	99.9
LSTCNA−
Current density (A cm−2)	0.12	0.29	0.42	0.56	0.75
CO production (ml min−1 cm−2)	0.79	1.94	2.82	3.81	5.16
Faradaic efficiency (%)	94.1	95.6	96.0	97.3	98.4

LST_O+, La_0.2Sr_0.8Ti_1.0O_3+δ; LSTC_A−, (La_0.2Sr_0.8)_0.95Ti_0.9Cr_0.1O_3−δ; LSTC_O+, La_0.2Sr_0.8Ti_0.9Cr_0.1O_3+δ; LSTCN_A−, (La_0.2Sr_0.8)_0.95Ti_0.85Cr_0.1Ni_0.05O_3+δ; LSTM_A−, (La_0.2Sr_0.8)_0.95Ti_0.9Mn_0.1O_3+δ; LSTM_O+, La_0.2Sr_0.8Ti_0.9Mn_0.1O_3+δ; LSTMN_A−, (La_0.2Sr_0.8)_0.95Ti_0.85Mn_0.1Ni_0.05O_3+δ.

Comparison of CO₂ electrolysis with different cathodes under applied biases.