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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2017 Feb 3;124(4):417–430. doi: 10.1007/s00702-016-1656-9

Table 2.

Diagnostic Delays for Common Dystonias

Type of Dystonia Source Total Cases Average years to diagnosis
Blepharospasm Canada (Jog et al. 2011) 87 4.5
Blepharospasm Italy (Macerollo et al. 2015) 100 4.8
Cervical dystonia Canada (Jog et al. 2011) 47 6.4
Cervical dystonia Italy (Macerollo et al. 2015) 50 7.1
Cervical dystonia USA (Tiderington et al. 2013) 146 3.7
Hand dystonia Italy (Macerollo et al. 2015) 21 10.1
Laryngeal dystonia USA (Creighton et al. 2015) 107 4.4
Mixed Australia (Bertram and Williams 2015) 133 3.8

This table shows the average length of time (in years) between symptom onset and diagnosis for different types of dystonia in different parts of the world.