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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ecohealth. 2016 Oct 31;14(1):7–19. doi: 10.1007/s10393-016-1190-0

Table 5.

Adjusted Odds Ratios for the Association Between Fuel and Stove Type, Cooking Location, & Primary Cooks’ Health Outcomes in the Past 12 Months (Neurologic and Other Symptoms)a,b,c.

Variables Neurologic symptoms
Other symptoms
Forgetfulness Dizziness Difficulty concentrating Dry irritated eyes Burns
Fuel type
 High-quality firewood 1.80 (0.62, 5.23) 0.92 (0.32, 2.62) 0.51 (0.10, 2.65) 1.13 (0.40, 3.16) 0.83 (0.29, 2.37)
 Low-quality firewood 4.48★★ (1.42, 14.19) 2.26 (0.75, 6.82) 1.00 (0.19, 5.37) 1.64 (0.54, 4.99) 0.73 (0.23, 2.28)
 Crop residue 9.13★★★ (1.86, 44.95) 4.72★★ (1.02, 21.76) 0.90 (0.11, 7.19) 3.75 (0.81, 17.36) 0.73 (0.16, 3.31)
Traditional stove 1.19 (0.59, 2.42) 0.95 (0.47, 1.93) 1.17 (0.38, 3.54) 0.70 (0.33, 1.49) 1.26 (0.64, 2.50)
Cooking location
 Partially outdoors 0.98 (0.58, 1.64) 0.85 (0.50, 1.46) 0.86 (0.45, 1.65) 1.17 (0.68, 2.01) 0.80 (0.39, 1.64)
 Fully indoors 1.06 (0.66, 1.70) 1.15 (0.70, 1.88) 0.82 (0.46, 1.46) 0.97 (0.59, 1.61) 0.60 (0.34, 1.05)
Rural location 0.11★★★ (0.04, 0.29) 0.59 (0.24, 1.43) 0.76 (0.24, 2.38) 0.55 (0.25, 1.23) 0.21★★★ (0.08, 0.57)
Observations 655 655 655 655 655

95% confidence intervals in parentheses. Regression estimates were adjusted for age of cook, education level of cook, garbage burning by primary cook, minutes per day spent by primary cook walking on tarmac roads, household size, household size squared, number of household assets, and household ownership of biomass burning industry.

★★★

P < 0.01,

★★

P < 0.05,

P < 0.1.

a

Charcoal is the referent category for fuel type.

b

Fully outdoor cooking is the referent category for cooking location.

c

No education is the referent category for education level of cook.