Table 1.
Demographical and lifestyle characteristics (SD) of men and women at entrya to the follow-up by quintiles of energy adjusted total protein intake
| Women | Men | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q3 | Q5 | Q1 | Q3 | Q5 | |
| Weight (kg) | 64.8 ± 16.5 | 66.5 ± 17.1 | 68.6 ± 17.2 | 80.9 ± 11.2 | 81.7 ± 11.4 | 82.7 ± 12.0 |
| Height (cm) | 164 ± 6 | 164 ± 6 | 164 ± 6 | 179 ± 7 | 178 ± 7 | 178 ± 7 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.7 ± 4.5 | 25.3 ± 4.7 | 26.1 ± 4.9 | 25.3 ± 3.0 | 25.6 ± 3.1 | 26.0 ± 3.2 |
| Current smoker (%) | 27 | 22 | 21 | 9 | 7 | 6 |
| Physical activity (METs/wk) | 14.6 ± 15.2 | 15.5 ± 15.2 | 16.2 ±15.9 | 23.9 ± 27.8 | 24 ± 26 | 22 ± 25 |
| Menopausal hormone use (%) | 29 | 33 | 29 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Multivitamin use (%) | 35 | 39 | 42 | 42 | 43 | 45 |
| Alcohol (g/d) | 9 ± 15 | 6 ± 10 | 4 ± 7 | 17 ± 21 | 11 ± 14 | 6 ± 10 |
| Caffeine (mg/d) | 350 ± 254 | 334 ± 248 | 338 ± 259 | 243 ± 227 | 234 ± 224 | 209 ± 218 |
| Mean intake (±SD) | ||||||
| Energy intake (kcal/d) | 1648 ± 556 | 1690 ± 506 | 1602 ± 515 | 1962 ± 621 | 2016 ± 591 | 1935 ± 624 |
| Total protein (g/d) | 56.9 ± 5.9 | 74.4 ± 1.8 | 96.9 ± 11.0 | 70.6 ± 6.7 | 91.3 ± 2.3 | 115.9 ± 11.2 |
| Total protein (%energy) | 14.3 ± 1.5 | 18.6 ± 0.8 | 24.4 ± 3.0 | 14.2 ± 1.4 | 18.3 ± 0.8 | 23.4 ± 2.4 |
| Animal protein (g/d) | 39.8 ± 8.5 | 56.4 ± 6.9 | 79.2 ± 14.5 | 45.3 ± 9.5 | 65.8 ± 6.2 | 91.3 ± 13.4 |
| Animal protein (%energy) | 9.8 ± 2.0 | 14.1 ± 1.6 | 20.3 ± 3.4 | 9.1 ± 1.9 | 13.2 ± 1.4 | 18.5 ± 2.8 |
| Vegetable protein (g/d) | 17.6 ± 5.5 | 17.6 ± 5.3 | 16.2 ± 5.3 | 25.3 ± 6.8 | 25.5 ± 5.8 | 24.6 ± 7.0 |
| Vegetable protein (%energy) | 4.5 ± 1.4 | 4.4 ± 1.3 | 4.1 ± 1.3 | 5.1 ± 1.4 | 5.1 ± 1.2 | 4.9 ± 1.4 |
| Dairy protein (g/d) | 11.1 ± 6.1 | 15.1 ± 7.8 | 20.3 ± 11.7 | 12.4 ± 6.6 | 16.1 ± 8.6 | 18.3 ± 11.4 |
| Dairy protein (%energy) | 2.8 ± 1.5 | 3.8 ± 1.9 | 5.1 ± 2.9 | 2.5 ± 1.3 | 3.2 ± 1.7 | 3.6 ± 2.3 |
| Calcium (mg/d) | 749 ± 407 | 889 ± 428 | 1015 ±479 | 784 ± 355 | 922 ± 402 | 1029 ± 532 |
| Vitamin D (IU/d) | 268 ± 247 | 329 ± 241 | 442 ± 320 | 332 ± 277 | 412 ± 290 | 429 ± 368 |
| Retinol (mcg/d) | 3925 ± 5251 | 4433 ± 4878 | 5812 ± 6604 | 4662 ± 5891 | 5298 ± 6119 | 6335 ± 7143 |
| Vitamin K (mcg/d) | 84 ± 90 | 97 ± 102 | 91 ± 131 | 159 ± 105 | 184 ± 103 | 222 ± 137 |
| Red meat (servings/d) | 0.5 ± 0.3 | 0.7 ± 0.4 | 0.7 ± 0.6 | 0.5 ± 0.3 | 0.6 ± 0.5 | 0.7 ± 0.6 |
| Processed meat (servings/d) | 0.3 ± 0.3 | 0.3 ± 0.3 | 0.2 ± 0.3 | 0.3 ± 0.4 | 0.4 ± 0.4 | 0.3 ± 0.4 |
| Poultry (servings/d) | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 0.5 ± 0.4 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 0.6 ± 0.4 |
| Fish (servings/d) | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.4 ± 0.4 | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.4 ± 0.2 | 0.6 ± 0.5 |
| Nuts (servings/d) | 0.3 ± 0.5 | 0.4 ± 0.5 | 0.3 ± 0.5 | 0.5 ± 0.7 | 0.5 ± 0.7 | 0.4 ± 0.6 |
| Legumes (servings/d) | 0.4 ± 0.3 | 0.4 ± 0.3 | 0.5 ± 0.4 | 0.4 ± 0.3 | 0.4 ± 0.3 | 0.5 ± 0.4 |
| Fruit (servings/d) | 2.4 ± 1.9 | 2.3 ± 1.4 | 2.2 ± 1.3 | 2.1 ± 1.8 | 2.1 ± 1.4 | 2.0 ± 1.4 |
| Vegetables (servings/d) | 2.0 ± 1.5 | 2.4 ± 1.7 | 2.7 ± 1.9 | 2.4 ± 1.6 | 2.8 ± 1.6 | 3.3 ± 2.0 |
| Sugar sweetened beverages (servings/d) | 0.8 ± 1.1 | 0.7 ± 1.0 | 0.8 ± 1.1 | 0.6 ± 0.9 | 0.3 ± 0.4 | 0.1 ± 0.3 |
a
Entry was age 50 for men (HPFS cohort) and menopause for women (NHS cohort).