Table 3.
Characteristics of research studies evaluating athletic performance on resistance exercise tasks
| Citation | Participants | Dh protocol; ambient temperature; duration | Total REC (min) | Dh trial BM loss (%) | Fluid type | Fluid assimilation time (min) | Fluid intake (L kg BM lost−1) | Resistance exercise task | Performance outcomes(s) | Performance outcomes significantly affected (Hedges’ g) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Montain et al. (1998) [66] | 8 M, physically active | EX (M); 40 °C; 2–3 h | Testing from 3–8 h |
4.0 | Water | 3–8 h | NS | Knee extension | ET >50% MVC; MVC pre-ET test, 30-s post-ET test and >30-s post-ET test | ET >50% MVC ↑ (2.70) MVC ↓ (ES unknown) |
| Greiwe et al. (1998) [52] | 7 M, unacclimated | HT | 120 | 3.8 | Water | 306 | 1.00 | Knee extension and elbow flexion | Peak torque; ET 100% MVC | No effect |
| Bigard et al. (2001) [53] | 11 M, unacclimated, physically active | HT | 180 | 3.0 | NaCl + water | 120 | 1.00 | Knee extension | MVC, ET 25% MVC; ET 75% MVC | ET 25% MVC ↑ (0.22) |
| Schoffstall et al. (2001) [54] | 10 M, competitive power lifters | HT | 120 | 1.7 | Water | 120 | 1.10 | Bench Press | 1 RM | ↑ (0.24) |
| Del Coso et al. (2008) [46] | 7 (NS), acclimated, endurance cyclists | EX (V); 36 °C; 2 h | 0 | 3.7 | Mineral water | 120 | 0.90 | Knee extension | MVC | No effect |
| Kraft et al. (2010) [74] | 10 M, recreationally strength trained | WI | ≥45 | 3.1 | Water | 165 | 1.00 | gFull body resistance exercise protocol | Repetitions completed at 12 RM | ↑ (0.87) |
| Ali et al. (2013) [57] | 10 M, university-level soccer players | EX (V); 22 °C; 90 min | 0 | 2.9 | Water | 90 | 0.50 | MVC (3.14 and 1.05 rad/s) knee flexion and extension | Peak torque; TW; Abs. mean PO | No effect |
| Knee extension and elbow flexion | Peak torque; mean torque | No effect | ||||||||
| Wilson et al. (2014) [60] | 8 M, licenced jockeys | EX; 20 °C; 45 min | 0 | 1.8 | Water | ~35 | 1.00 | Chest-press and knee flexion | Max. strength | ↑ Chest (5.57) and leg (1.05) max. strength |
| Rodrigues et al. (2014) [49] | 10 M, unacclimated, physically active | EX (V); 37 °C; 91 min | 30 | 2.0 | Water | 121 | NS | Knee extension and elbow flexion | Peak torque | Knee extensor peak torque ↑ (0.85) |
Exercise intensity is described as high (H), vigorous (V) or moderate (M), in accordance with classifications outlined by Norton et al. [86]. Values are Hedges’ g effect sizes
Abs. absolute, Dh dehydration, ES effect size, ET endurance time, EX exercise, HT heat, MVC maximal voluntary contraction, NS not specified, PO power output, RH relative humidity, RM repetition maximum, Total REC time from completing the dehydration protocol to commencing the subsequent task, TW total work, WI warm water immersion
gThe full body resistance exercise protocol measured total repetitions in three sets of bench press, lat pull down, overhead press, barbell curl, triceps and leg press exercise at 12 RM