Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population.
| Characteristic | Men (n = 142) | Women (n = 175) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Thyroid volume (mL)∗ | 16.5 ± 6.0 | 12.3 ± 5.0 | <0.001 |
| Prevalence of goiter, n (%) | 12 (8.5) | 27 (15.4) | 0.06 |
| Prevalence of thyroid nodule, n (%) |
28 (19.7) | 71 (40.6) | <0.001 |
| Thyroid nodule size (mm)∗ | 12.0 ± 3.3 | 11.2 ± 6.8 | 0.748 |
| TSH (mU/L)∗∗ | 1.2 (0.7) | 1.2 (0.9) | 0.436 |
| FT4 (pmol/L)∗ | 15.1 ± 2.1 | 14.5 ± 2.2 | 0.005 |
| ATPO (kU/L)∗∗ | 0.05 (1.1) | 0.3 (1.1) | 0.332 |
| Insulin (mU/L)∗∗ | 9.6 (5.5) | 8.9 (3.5) | 0.042 |
| FPG (mmol/L)∗∗ | 5.2 (0.8) | 4.9 (0.6) | <0.001 |
| HOMA-IR∗∗ | 2.3 (1.4) | 1.9 (1.0) | 0.004 |
| Leptin (pg/L)∗∗ | 4.1 (4.5) | 11.2 (10.7) | <0.001 |
| TC (mmol/L)∗ | 6.0 ± 1.1 | 6.0 ± 1.1 | 0.995 |
| HDL (mmol/L)∗∗ | 1.5 (0.5) | 1.8 (0.6) | <0.001 |
| LDL (mmol/L)∗ | 3.9 ± 1.0 | 3.6 ± 1.2 | 0.036 |
| TG (mmol/L)∗∗ | 1.3 (0.8) | 1.0 (0.5) | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg)∗∗ | 132.7 (23.3) | 126.0 (21.3) | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg)∗∗ | 88.7 (13.3) | 80.7 (13.3) | <0.001 |
| WC (cm)∗ | 95.8 ± 11.9 | 85.2 ± 13.8 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2)∗∗ | 26.9 (5.4) | 25.4 (6.7) | 0.076 |
| Obesity, n (%) | 34 (23.9) | 36 (20.6) | 0.472 |
| Metabolic syndrome, n (%) | 44 (31) | 32 (18.3) | 0.009 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 59 (41.5) | 37 (21.1) | <0.001 |
∗Mean ± standard deviation; ∗∗median (interquartile range).
ATPO: antithyroid peroxidase antibodies; BMI: body mass index; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; FT4: free thyroxine; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR: insulin resistance index; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; SBP: systolic blood pressure; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; TSH: thyroid stimulating hormone; WC: waist circumference.