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. 2017 Mar 20;8:139. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00139

FIGURE 7.

FIGURE 7

Effects of acute and chronic ketamine administration on the mRNA levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in mouse hippocampus. (A–C) The results of qRT-PCR show that 6 months intraperitoneal injection of ketamine increased the mRNA levels of IL-6 and IL-1β, but decreased the mRNA level of TNF-α. (D–F) The results of qRT-PCR show that single intraperitoneal injection of ketamine increased the mRNA levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. (G–I) The results of qRT-PCR show that multiple intraperitoneal injection of ketamine increased the mRNA levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 5 for each group. Statistical analysis used ANOVA to compare the difference between saline-treated group and each ketamine-treated group (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01).