Table 3.
Comparison of blood biomarkers of AD in various studies.
| Reference | Blood biomarker | Disease comparison | No. of cases (AD/non-AD) | Accuracy | Specificity (95% CI) | Sensitivity (95% CI) | AUC | PPV/NPV |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ray et al. (86) | 18-protein panel | AD versus MCI | (22/17) | 0.90 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Hye et al. (87) | 10-protein panel with APOE ε4 | AD versus MCI | (476/220) | 0.87 | 0.88 | 0.85 | 0.84 | 0.69/0.95 |
| Kiddle et al. (88) | Covariatesa | AD versus HC | (80/53) | 0.71 | 0.74 | 0.70 | N/A | 0.89/0.45 |
| Replicated proteins with covariatesa | AD versus HC | (80/53) | 0.77 | 0.72 | 0.80 | N/A | 0.83/0.68 | |
| Mapstone et al. (89) | 10 metabolite panel | aMCI/AD versus HC | (21/20) | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.77 | N/A |
| 10 metabolite panel | Converterspre versus HC | (10/20) | N/A | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.92 | N/A | |
| Leidinger et al. (90) | 12-miRNA signature | AD versus HC | (48/22) | 0.933 ± 0.046 (0.924–0.942) | 0.951 ± 0.054 (0.941–0.962) | 0.915 ± 0.058 (0.904–0.927) | N/A | 0.949/0.918 |
| 12-miRNA signature | AD versus MCI | (94/18) | 0.756 ± 0.078 (0.741–0.772) | 0.767 ± 0.083 (0.751–0.784) | 0.746 ± 0.097 (0.727–0.765) | N/A | 0.779/0.724 | |
| Bhatnagar et al. (91) | miRNA-34c | AD versus HC | (25/27) | 0.94 | 0.96 | 0.92 | 0.99 | 0.958/0.923 |
| Cheng et al. (92) | 16 miRNA signatures with APOE ε4 | AD versus HC | (16/36) | N/A | 0.77 | 0.87 | N/A | N/A |
AD, Alzheimer’s disease; aMCI, amnestic mild cognitive impairment; APOE, apolipoprotein E; Converterspre, phenoconverters prior to conversion; HC, healthy control; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; naMCI, non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment; NAND, non-AD neurodegenerative dementias; PPV/NPV, positive predictive value/negative predictive value; miRNA, microRNA.
aThe covariates examined included age at disease onset, gender, and presence of APOE ε4 allele.