Table 1.
Fitness and metabolic parameters before and after 12 weeks of training
| Resistance | Nordic Walking | Control | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre | Post | Pre | Post | Pre | Post | ||||
| VO2 peak (mL × kg−1 × min−1) | 28.4 ± 1.1 # | 28.9 ± 1.1 | n = 18, n = 17 | 29.2 ± 2.0 # | 31.0 ± 2.3* | n = 15, n = 14 | 34.5 ± 1.8 | 34.7 ± 2.1 | n = 11, n = 11 |
| UKK (index) | 67.8 ± 5.1 | 78.3 ± 5.0* | n = 18, n = 18 | 76.3 ± 5.6 | 93.2 ± 5.7* | n = 17, n = 14 | 80.6 ± 4.2 | 91.7 ± 4.8* | n = 14, n = 14 |
| Insulin (μIU/mL) | 12.7 ± 1.6 # | 12.4 ± 1.3 | n = 20, n = 20 | 14.8 ± 2.1 # | 11.6 ± 1.4* | n = 18, n = 18 | 7.2 ± 1.1 | 8.6 ± 1.7 | n = 16, n = 16 |
| HOMA‐IR | 3.5 ± 0.4 # | 3.3 ± 0.3 | n = 20, n = 20 | 4.2 ± 0.6 # | 3.2 ± 0.4* | n = 18, n = 18 | 2.0 ± 0.3 | 2.3 ± 0.5 | n = 16, n = 16 |
| HbA 1c (%) | 5.5 ± 0.1 | 5.5 ± 0.1 | n = 19, n = 20 | 5.5 ± 0.1 | 5.5 ± 0.1 | n = 17, n = 18 | 5.4 ± 0.1 | 5.7 ± 0.1* | n = 16, n = 16 |
| 2‐h glucose (mmol/L) | 6.5 ± 0.4 | 6.0 ± 0.4 | n = 18, n = 18 | 6.9 ± 0.6 | 6.3 ± 0.5 | n = 14, n = 14 | 5.8 ± 0.4 | 5.6 ± 0.4 | n = 16, n = 16 |
*P ≤ 0.05, compared to Pre [pairwise comparison (LSD) within groups]; # P ≤ 0.05, compared to the C group [One‐way ANOVA (LSD) baseline values between groups]; § P ≤ 0.05, compared to the RT group [One‐way ANOVA (LSD) baseline values between groups]; ‡ P ≤ 0.05, compared to the NW group [One‐way ANOVA (LSD) baseline values between groups]. Values are presented as mean ± SEM.