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. 2017 Mar 20;7:44757. doi: 10.1038/srep44757

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Copyright © 2017, The Author(s)

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(a) Delivered amounts of siRNA conjugated with fluorescein (BLOCK-iT™ Fluorescent Oligo) in HEK293 cells increased with incubation durations and were significantly higher than that of non-electroporated cells (without electroporation, w/o EP). The annotated numbers indicate fluorescent intensity in arbitrary units. (b) Microscopic images of processed HEK293 cells indicate successful intracellular delivery of various proteins conjugated with fluorophores. Scale bars represent 20 μm. The tested proteins include green fluorescent protein (GFP), ovalbumin (OVA) conjugated with Alexa 555, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugated with Alexa 647. The delivered amounts of (c) OVA and (d) GFP in HEK293 cells increased with incubation durations. The annotated numbers indicate fold increases in intensity compared to that of the control. Error bars represent standard errors of electroporated cells (n ≥ 49, 18, 249 cells for (a),(c) and (d), respectively). ***p < 0.001 for control group versus all electroporation conditions, suggesting burst molecular delivery occurs within 30 s, followed by gradual accumulation of delivered amount as incubation duration further increased.