Table S1.
List of strains
| Strain | Genotype | Source/derivation |
| BW25113 | ∆(araD-araB)567 ∆lacZ4787 (::rrnB-3) λ− rph-1 ∆(rhaD-rhaB) 568 hsdR514 | CGSC |
| JW1100-1 | BW25113 ∆mfd-739::kan | CGSC |
| JW3786-5 | BW25113 ∆uvrD769::kan | CGSC |
| JW0698-1 | BW25113 ∆phr-758::kan | CGSC |
| JW4019-2 | BW25113 ∆uvrA753::kan | CGSC |
| BT199 | F− thi-1 ∆(gpt-proA)62 thr-1 leuB6 kdgK51 rfbD1 ara-14 lacY1 galK2 lyl-5 mtl-1 tsx-33 supE44 rpsL31 rac− | V. Burdett, Duke University, Durham, NC |
| STL4150 | BT199 ∆xonA300:cat xseA18::amp recJ284::Tn10 | V. Burdett, Duke University, Durham, NC |
| MfdK33 | STL4150 ∆mfd-739::kan | Kanr transductant, P1 JW1100-1 X STL4150 |
| UvrDK33 | STL4150 ∆uvrD769::kan | Kanr transductant, P1 JW3786-5 X STL4150 |
| PhrK33 | STL4150 ∆phr-758::kan | Kanr transductant, P1 JW0698-1 X STL4150 |
| UvrAK33 | STL4150 ∆uvrA753::kan | Kanr transductant, P1 JW4019-2 X STL4150 |
CGSC, Coli Genetic Stock Center; Kanr, kanamycin resistant.